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Este texto plantea un estudio comparativo desde la tesis de “la banalidad del mal” de Hannah Arendt, a partir de dos personajes inscritos uno desde la literatura y el otro desde la filosofía moral. Por un lado, el personaje del poeta y piloto de la Fuerza Aérea en la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet, Carlos Wieder, que aparece en la novela Estrella distante (1996), del escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño, y, por el otro, el oficial nazi Adolf Eichmann y el conflicto político que generó su juicio penal en Jerusalén en 1961, luego de su captura en un suburbio de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en 1960. De esta manera, propongo una comparación entre ambos personajes: uno literario, basado en acontecimientos históricos y ficticios, y la crítica desarrollada por la filósofa alemana Hannah Arendt, con indicios de filosofía política y moral, al acusado por crímenes al pueblo judío, contra la humanidad y crímenes de guerra durante el régimen nazi en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Las reflexiones de Arendt, elaboradas ante la invitación a realizar un “relato de hechos” sobre el caso para la revista estadounidense The New Yorker durante el periodo del juicio, se pu-blicaron en: Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil, en 1963.
The text presents a comparative study based on Hannah Arendt’s theory called “the banality of evil”, considering two characters defined, one by literature and the other by moral philosophy. On the one hand, the character of the poet and Air Force pilot in the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, Carlos Wieder, who appears in the novel Estrella distante, 1996, by Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño, and on the other, the political conflict that generated the criminal trial to the Nazi officer Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem in 1961, after his capture in a suburb of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1960. In this way, I will set a dialogue between both characters; a literature based on historical and fictitious events, and the criticism made by the German philosopher Hannah Arendt based on hints of Political Philosophy and moral to the accused, for crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity and war crimes during the Nazi regime in World War II. Reflections made by the philosopher, once she is invited to make a “factual account” about the case, for the American magazine The New Yorker during the trial period, and of which she would later publish the text: Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil, in 1963.
