The nation has two faces. It has meant, in European history, ethnic identity, nationalism, racism, Blut und Boden. But also, in other constitutional contexts, universalism of rights, equality, protection of foreigners. This second idea of nation has been incorporated into the Italian Constitution. The principles of internationalism, the rejection of war, the protection of foreigners, the equality of rights are written in its rules. This constitutional choice is the substantial axis of the “republican nationµ.