Variación de la amplitud del nicho isotópico de tres especies de peces en un gradiente de disponibilidad de recursos

• Aldo Echeverría ^[1] ; Marc Pouilly ^[2] ; Danny Rejas ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Mayor de San Simón

     Universidad Mayor de San Simón

     Bolivia

     
  2. [2] Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR BOREA
• Localización: Ecología en Bolivia: revista del Instituto de Ecología, ISSN 1605-2528, Vol. 55, Nº. 1, 2020, págs. 6-15
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Isotopic niche width variation of three fish species in a resource availability gradient
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Con el objetivo de estudiar el efecto de la disponibilidad de recursos sobre la amplitud del nicho trófico en peces de la Amazonia boliviana, comparamos los nichos isotópicos (como sustituto del nicho trófico) de tres especies de peces (Acestrorhynchus altus, Hoplias malabaricus y Pygocentrus nattereri) en un gradiente de disponibilidad de presas. Tomamos muestras de peces en lagos localizados en la llanura de inundación de los ríos Blanco (baja disponibilidad de presas), Iténez (disponibilidad intermedia) y San Martín (disponibilidad alta), analizamos los ratios de isótopos estables (δ13C and δ15N) y estimamos las elipses estándar y amplitud de nicho isotópico (área) empleando el paquete SIBER en R. Acestrorhynchus altus se comportó como un forrajero óptimo, mostrando un nicho isotópico más amplio a menor disponibilidad de presas y un nicho más estrecho en los sitios con disponibilidad intermedia y alta. Pygocentrus nattereri mostró un nicho más amplio a densidades de presa intermedias, y no encontramos efecto de la disponibilidad de presas sobre la amplitud del nicho trófico de H. malabaricus. Esto indica que, para estas dos especies, factores tales como la selectividad de presas, transparencia del agua, tamaño de la boca y hábitos alimenticios, podrían ser más importantes que la disponibilidad de presas para determinar la amplitud del nicho trófico.

  • English

    To study the effect of resource availability on the trophic niche width of fishes in the Bolivian Amazon basin, we compared isotopic niche widths (as a surrogate for trophic niche) of three fish species (Acestrorhynchus altus, Hoplias malabaricus and Pygocentrus nattereri) in a gradient of prey availability. We sampled fishes in lakes located in the floodplain of the rivers Blanco (low prey availability), Iténez (intermediate prey availability) and San Martín (high prey availability), analyzed them for ratios of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), and estimated the standard ellipse and isotopic niche width using the SIBER package in R. Acestrorhynchus altus behaved as an optimal forager, showing wider isotopic niche where prey were less abundant, and less wide isotopic niche in rivers with intermedíate and high prey availability. P. nattereri showed wider trophic niche at intermedíate prey densities and H. malabaricus showed no effect of prey availability on isotopic niche width. This indicates that, for these species, factors such as prey selectivity, water transparency, mouth size or feeding habits, may be more important than prey availability in determining trophic niche width.

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