El distrés psicológico derivado del COVID-19 incrementó la aversión a las pérdidas

• Molins, Francisco ; Serrano, Miguel Angel ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat de València

     Universitat de València

     Valencia, España

     
• Localización: Retos: Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, ISSN-e 1390-8618, ISSN 1390-6291, Vol. 13, Nº. 25, 2023 (Ejemplar dedicado a: (abril-septiembre)), págs. 35-47
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.17163/ret.n25.2023.03
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The relationship between the psychological distress derived from COVID-19 and the loss aversion is modulated by the alexithymia trait
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Los estudios sobre estrés y toma de decisiones suelen abordar estresores agudos y artificiales. Sin embargo, el brote de COVID-19 creó el escenario perfecto para abordar cómo la toma de decisiones, y específicamente la aversión a las pérdidas, podría verse afectada porun estresor real y persistente, capaz de promover un distrés psicológico significativo. Paralelamente, la alexitimia ha sido identificada como un potencial moderador de la expresión de la aversión a las pérdidas, ya que podría perjudicar la incorporación de información emocional a la hora de decidir, conduciendo a decisiones “frías”. Mediante un diseño intrasujeto (N = 70), nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la relación entre el malestar psicológico derivado del contexto pandémico y los cambios en la aversión a las pérdidas, considerando la alexitimia como factor moderador. Nuestros resultados muestran un incremento significativo tanto del malestar psicológico como de la aversión a las pérdidas, tan solo un mes después del inicio del confinamiento. Además, ambas variables se asociaron positivamente solamente cuando la alexitimia era baja; es decir, la alexitimia amortiguaba el efecto del distrés psicológico en la toma de decisiones: cuanto mayor era la alexitimia, menor era el aumento de la aversión a las pérdidas.

     

  • English

    Studies on stress and decision-making usually address acute and artificial stressors. However, COVID-19 outbreak set the perfect scenarioto address how decision-making, and specifically loss aversion, could be affected by a real and persistent stressor, able to promote a significantpsychological distress. In parallel, alexithymia has been identified as a potential moderator of the loss aversion expression, since it could impairthe incorporation of emotional information when making a decision, leading to “cold” decisions. Through a within-subjects design (N = 70), ouraim was to study the relationship between the psychological distress caused by the pandemic context and the loss aversion changes, consideringalexithymia as a moderating factor. Our results show a significant increment in both psychological distress and loss aversion, merely one monthafter the confinement’s onset. Moreover, both variables were positively associated only when alexithymia was low, i.e., the alexithymia bufferedthe effect of psychological distress on decision-making: a higher alexithymia implied a lower loss aversion increase.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Alexander, L. F., Oliver, A., Burdine, L. K., Tang, Y. y Dunlop, B. W. (2017). Reported maladaptive decision-making in unipolar and bipolar...
  • Baek, K., Kwon, J., Chae, J. H., Chung, Y. A., Kralik, J. D., Min, J. A., Huh, H. J. J., Choi, K. M., Jang, K.-I., Lee N.-B., Kim, S., Peterson,...
  • Bishop, S. J., y Gagne, C. (2018). Anxiety, depression, and decision making: A computational perspective. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 41,...
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. y Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine...
  • Camerer, C. F. (2003). Behavioral game theory: Plausible formal models that predict accurately. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 26(2), 157-158.
  • Gachter, S., Johnson, E. y Herrmann, A. (2007). Individual-level loss aversion in riskless and risky choices. CeDEx Discussion Paper Series,...
  • Gal, D., y Rucker, D. D. (2018). The loss of loss aversion: will it loom larger than its gain? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28(3), 497-516....
  • Gigerenzer, G. y Gaissmaier, W. (2011). Heuristic decision making. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 451-482. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120709-145346
  • Gnambs, T. y Staufenbiel, T. (2018). The structure of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): two meta-analytic factor analyses. Health...
  • Goldberg, D. P., Oldehinkel, T. y Ormel, J. (1998). Why GHQ threshold varies from one place to another. Psychological Medicine, 28(4), 915-921....
  • Goldberg, D. P. y Williams, P. (1988). A users guide to the General Health Questionnaire. nferNelson.
  • Hadlaczky, G., Hokby, S., Mkrtchian, A., Wasserman, D., Balazs, J., Machín, N., Sarchapione, M., Sisask, M. y Carli, V. (2018). Decision-making...
  • Hermans, E. J., Henckens, M. J. A. G., Joels, M. y Fernández, G. (2014). Dynamic adaptation of large-scale brain networks in response to acute...
  • Hermans, E. J., Van Marle, H. J. F., Ossewaarde, L., Henckens, M. J. A. G., Qin, S., Van Kesteren, M. T. R., Schoots, V., Cousijn, H., Rijpkema,...
  • Hidalgo, V., Pulopulos, M. M. y Salvador, A. (2019). Acute psychosocial stress effects on memory performance: Relevance of age and sex. Neurobiology...
  • Hintze, A., Olson, R. S., Adami, C. y Hertwig, R. (2015). Risk sensitivity as an evolutionary adaptation. Scientific Reports, 5, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08242
  • Ingram, J., Maciejewski, G. y Hand, C. J. (2020). Changes in diet, sleep, and physical activity are associated with differences in negative...
  • Iwasaki, K. y Sawada, Y. (2015). Evacuation and psychological distress: new evidence of reference-dependent utility and loss aversion, abef,...
  • Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449-1475. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282803322655392
  • Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L. y Thaler, R. H. (1991). Anomalies: The endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias. Journal of Economic...
  • Kahneman, D. y Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803475.003
  • Kano, M., Ito, M. y Fukudo, S. (2011). Neural substrates of decision making as measured with the iowa gambling task in men with alexithymia....
  • Klumpp, H., Angstadt, M. y Phan, K. L. (2012). Insula reactivity and connectivity to anterior cingulate cortex when processing threat in generalized...
  • Laeger, I., Dobel, C., Dannlowski, U., Kugel, H., Grotegerd, D., Kissler, J., Keuper, K., Eden, A., Zwitserlood, P. y Zwanzger, P. (2012)....
  • Lakhan, R., Agrawal, A. y Sharma, M. (2020). Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Neurosciences...
  • Liang, L., Ren, H., Cao, R., Hu, Y., Qin, Z., Li, C. y Mei, S. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. Psychiatric Quarterly,...
  • Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Sun, L., Wu, L., Sun, Z, Zhou, Y., Wang, Y. y Liu, W. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of...
  • Mahase, E. (2020). China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds 200. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 368(January),...
  • Manzoor, N., Molins, F. y Serrano, M. Á. (2021). Interoception moderates the relation between alexithymia and risky-choices in a framing task:...
  • Margittai, Z., Nave, G., Van Wingerden, M., Schnitzler, A., Schwabe, L. y Kalenscher, T. (2018). Combined effects of glucocorticoid and noradrenergic...
  • Martínez, F. (1996). Adaptación española de la escala de Alexitimia de Toronto (TAS-20). Clínica y Salud, 7(1), 19-32. http://bit.ly/3JdlbdEv
  • Mather, M. y Lighthall, N. R. (2012). Risk and reward are processed differently in decisions made under stress. Current Directions in Psychological...
  • Metz, S., Waiblinger-Grigull, T., Schulreich, S., Chae, W. R., Otte, C., Heekeren, H. R. y Wingenfeld, K. (2020). Effects of hydrocortisone...
  • Moccia, L., Janiri, D., Pepe, M., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., De Martin, V., Chieffo, D., Janiri, L., Fiorillo, A., Sani, G. y Di Nicola, M....
  • Molins, F., Ayuso, C. y Serrano, M. Á. (2021). Emotional stress & decision-making: an emotional stressor significantly reduces loss aversion....
  • Montoya, A. K. (2019). Moderation analysis in two-instance repeated measures designs: Probing methods and multiple moderator models. Behavior...
  • Mrkva, K., Johnson, E. J., Gachter, S. y Herrmann, A. (2020). Moderating loss aversion: loss aversion has moderators, but reports of its death...
  • Patwardhan, I., Mason, W. A., Chmelka, M. B., Savolainen, J., Miettunen, J. y Jarvelin, M. R. (2019). Prospective relations between alexithymia,...
  • Pierce, M., Hope, H., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Hotopf, M., John, A., Kontopantelis, E., Webb, R., Wessely, S., McManius, S. y Abel, K. M. (2020)....
  • Pighin, S., Bonini, N., Savadori, L., Hadjichristidis, C. y Schena, F. (2014). Loss aversion and hypoxia: Less loss aversion in oxygen-depleted...
  • Presti, S. Lo, Mattavelli, G., Canessa, N. y Gianelli, C. (2022). Risk perception and behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic: Predicting variables...
  • Pushkarskaya, H., Tolin, D., Ruderman, L., Henick, D., Kelly, J. M. L., Pittenger, C. y Levy, I. (2017). Value-based decision making under...
  • Puustinen, P. J., Koponen, H. y Kautiainen, H. (2011). Psychological distress measured by the GHQ-12 and mortality: A prospective population-based...
  • Rocha, K. B., Pérez, K., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Borrell, C. y Obiols, J. E. (2011). Propiedades psicométricas y valores normativos del general...
  • Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress,...
  • Shah, P., Catmur, C. y Bird, G. (2016). Emotional decision-making in autism spectrum disorder: the roles of interoception and alexithymia....
  • Shuja, K. H., Aqeel, M., Jaffar, A. y Ahmed, A. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and impending global mental health implications. Psychiatria Danubina,...
  • Sip, K. E., Gonzalez, R., Taylor, S. F., & Stern, E. R. (2018). Increased loss aversion in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive...
  • Sokol-Hessner, P., Raio, C. M., Gottesman, S. P., Lackovic, S. F. y Phelps, E. A. (2016). Acute stress does not affect risky monetary decision-making....
  • Sokol-Hessner, P. y Rutledge, R. B. (2019). The psychological and neural basis of loss aversion. Current Directions in Psychological Science,...
  • Stancak, A., Xie, Y., Fallon, N., Bulsing, P., Giesbrecht, T., Thomas, A. y Pantelous, A. A. (2015). Unpleasant odors increase aversion to...
  • Starcke, K. y Brand, M. (2012). Decision making under stress: A selective review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(4), 1228-1248....
  • Starcke, K. y Brand, M. (2016). Effects of stress on decisions under uncertainty: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 142(9), 909-933....
  • Stein, M. B., Simmons, A. N., Feinstein, J. S. y Paulus, M. P. (2007). Increased amygdala and insula activation during emotion processing...
  • Sutherland, M. T., Carroll, A. J., Salmeron, B. J., Ross, T. J. y Stein, E. A. (2013). Insulas functional connectivity with ventromedial prefrontal...
  • Volz, K. G. y Gigerenzer, G. (2012). Cognitive processes in decisions under risk are not the same as in decisions under uncertainty. Frontiers...
  • Walker, S., OConnor, D. B. y Schaefer, A. (2011). Brain potentials to emotional pictures are modulated by alexithymia during emotion regulation....
  • Wang, M., Rieger, M. O. y Hens, T. (2017). The Impact of Culture on Loss Aversion. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 30(2), 270-281....
  • Ward, G., Collins, H., Norton, M. I. y Whillans, A. V. (2020). Work values shape the relationship between stress and (un) happiness. Harvard...
  • Zhang, L., Wang, X., Zhu, Y., Li, H., Zhu, C., Yu, F. y Wang, K. (2017). Selective impairment of decision making under ambiguity in alexithymia....