Androcentric artifactuality. Analysis of the relationship between human artifactuality and gender values

• Autores: Joshua Alexander González Martín
• Localización: Argumentos de razón técnica: Revista española de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, y filosofía de la tecnología, ISSN 1139-3327, Nº 25, 2022, págs. 13-51
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.12795/argumentos/2022.i25.01
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Análisis de la relación entre la artefactualidad humana y los valores de género
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1    2  
• Resumen
  • español

    Las concepciones sobre la tecnología han pasado por diferentes etapas. Creíamos, con Rousseau, que el progreso técnico transformaba la sociedad alejándola de la virtud. Creíamos, con Ellul, que la tecnología seguía su propio curso sin interferencias sociopolíticas de ningún tipo. Hoy algunos aceptan que la tecnología responde a factores económicos, sociales y políticos, entre otros. Ya no se considera que los hechos tecnológicos surjan únicamente del puro afán de eficiencia; la tecnología está a la par con las creencias y los valores culturales. La intención de este artículo es mostrar que, en la historia de la tecnología, ocasionalmente se manifiesta una actitud de orden cultural: el androcentrismo. Esta actitud plantea varias cuestiones sobre cómo el desarrollo tecnológico puede verse influido por los prejuicios y los sesgos de género. Así, se presenta el concepto de artefactualidad androcéntrica y se analiza la vinculación de los productos tecnológicos con los prejuicios políticos y sociales; prejuicios que históricamente y aún hoy afectan a las tecnologías con la misma familiaridad.

  • English

    The conceptions about technology have gone through different stages. We believed, with Rousseau, that technical progress transformed society away from virtue. We believed, with Ellul, that technology followed its own course without socio-political interference of any kind. Today some accept that technology responds to economic, social and political factors, among others. Technological facts are no longer seen as arising solely from the pure drive for efficiency; technology is on a par with cultural beliefs and values. The intention of this article is to show that in the history of technology an attitude of a cultural order is sometimes manifested: androcentrism. This attitude raises several questions about how technological development can be influenced by gender prejudice and discrimination. Thus, the concept of androcentric artifactuality ispresented and the linkage of technological products with political and social biases is analyzed; biases that historically and still today affect technologies with the same familiarity.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abdelwahab, H. T., & Abdel-Aty, M. A. (2001). Development of artificial neural network models to predict driver injury severity in traffic...
  • Akrich, M. (1992). The De-Scritption of Technical Objects. In W. E. Bijker, W. B. Carlson, & T. Pinch (Eds.), Shaping Technology/Building...
  • Arendt, H. (1958). The Human Condition. University of Chicago
  • Aristóteles (2000). Partes de los animales: Marcha de los animales; Movimiento de los animales. Gredos.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Dholakia, U. M. (2002). Intentional social action in virtual communities. Journal of interactive marketing, 16(2), 2–21.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Lee, K. H. (2002). Multiple routes for social influence: The role of compliance, internalization, and social identity....
  • Baker, L. R. (2004). The ontology of artefacts. Philosophical Explorations, (7), 99–111.
  • Baker, L. R. (2006). On the twofold nature of artifacts. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 37(1), 132–136.
  • Baldwin, D. A., Baird, J. A., Saylor, M. M., & Clark, M. A. (2001). Infants parse dynamic action. Child development, 72(3), 708–717.
  • Berg, A. J., & Lie, M. (1995). Feminism and constructivism: Do artifacts have gender? Science, Technology, & Human Values, 20(3),...
  • Bergson, H. (1911). Creative Evolution. H. Holt & Co.
  • Bijker, W. E., & Law, J. (1992). Shaping technology/building society: Studies in sociotechnical change. MIT press.
  • Bijker, W. E., Hughes, T. P., & Pinch, T. (1987). The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and...
  • Bleier, R. (Ed.) (1991). Feminist Approaches to Science. Teachers College Press.
  • Borgo, S., & Vieu, L. (2009). Artifacts in formal ontology. In A. Meijers (Ed.), Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences. Handbook...
  • Cowan, R. S. (1987). The consumption junction: A proposal for research strategies in the sociology of technology. In W. Bijker et al. (Eds.),...
  • Cuevas, A. (2016). Artefactualidad animal. Ludus Vitalis, 24(45), 155–174.
  • Cuevas, A. (2019). The question of animal technical capacities. Humanities Journal of Valparaíso, (14), 139–170.
  • Dauder, S. G., & Sedeño, E. P. (2017). Las “mentiras” científicas sobre las mujeres. Catarata.
  • David, P. A. (1985). Clio and the Economics of QWERTY. The American Economic Review, 75(2), 332–337.
  • David, P. A. (1986). Understanding the economics of QWERTY: The necessity of history. In W. N. Parker (Ed.), Economic History and the modern...
  • Eagly, A.H., & Mladinic, A. (1989). Gender stereotypes and attitudes toward women and men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,...
  • Eccles, J.S., Jacobs, J.E., & Harold, R.D. (1990). Gender role stereotypes, expectancy effects, and parents’ socialization of gender differences....
  • Echeverría, J. (2001). Tecnologías, espacios de interacción y valores. In J. A. López Cerezo, J. L. Luján, & E. M. García Palacios (Eds.),...
  • Ellul, J. (1954). La technique ou l’enjeu du siècle. A. Colin.
  • Ernst, W. (2013). Feministische Technikphilosophie. In A.
  • Grunwald (Ed.), Handbuch Technikethik (pp. 113–118). J.B. Metzler.
  • Evans, L. (1988). Risk of fatality from physical trauma versus sex and age. The Journal of Trauma, 28(3), 368–378.
  • Firestone, S. (2003). The dialectic of sex: The case for feminist revolution. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Fox, M.F., Johnson, D.G., & Rosser, S.V. (Eds.) (2006). Women, Gender, and Technology. University of Illinois Press.
  • Gearhart, S.M. (1979). The Wanderground. Persephone Press.
  • Griffin, L. J. (2007). Historical sociology, narrative and eventstructure analysis: Fifteen years later. Sociologica, 1(3), 1–17.
  • Grunwald, A. (2013). Technik. In A. Grunwald (Ed.), Handbuch Technikethik (pp. 13–17). J.B. Metzler.
  • Haraway, D. (1988). Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist studies, 14(3),...
  • Harding, S. (1999). Feministische Wissenschaftstheorie. Zum Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und sozialem Geschlecht. Argument Verlag.
  • Hare-Mustin, R., & Marecek, J. (1994). Marcar la diferencia. Psicología y construcción de los sexos. Herder
  • Hester, H. (2018). Xenofeminism. Polity Press.
  • Hilpinen, R. (1993). Authors and artifacts. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, (93), 155–178.
  • Houkes, W., & Vermaas, P. (2014). On what is made: instruments, products and natural kinds of artefacts. In M. Franssen, P. Kroes,
  • TAC. Reydon, & PE. Vermaas (Eds.), Artefact kinds (pp. 167–190). Springer Science.
  • Hubig, C. (2013). Historische Wurzeln der Technikphilosophie. In C. Hubig (Ed.), Nachdenken über Technik. Die Klassiker der Technikphilosophie...
  • Hyde, J. (1995). Psicología de la mujer: La otra mitad de la experiencia humana. Morata.
  • Kitamura, Y., & Mizoguchi, R. (2010). Characterizing functions based on ontological models from an engineering point of view. In Formal...
  • Kranz, M., von der Luhe, A., & Huhn, H. (2007). Technik. In Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie. Band 10: St–T (940–952). Schwabe.
  • Kranzberg, M. (1980). Technology: the half-full cup. Alternative Futures, 3(2), 5–18.
  • Kroes, P. (2010). Engineering and the dual nature of technical artefacts. Cambridge journal of economics, 34(1), 51–62.
  • Kroes, P., & Meijers, A. (2006). The dual nature of technical artefacts. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 37(1), 1–4.
  • Laberge-Nadeau, C., Maag, U., & Bourbeau, R. (1992). The effects of age and experience on accidents with injuries: should the licensing...
  • Layne, L. L., Vostral, S. L., & Boyer, K. (Eds.). (2010). Feminist technology. University of Illinois Press.
  • Lawler, D., & Vega-Encabo, J. (2011). Realizabilidad múltiple y clases de artefactos. CTS: Revista iberoamericana de ciencia, tecnología...
  • Loh, J. (2019). What Is Feminist Philosophy of Technology? A Critical Overview and a Plea for a Feminist Technoscientific Utopia. Feminist...
  • Lykke, N., & Braidotti, R. (1996). Between monsters, goddesses, and cyborgs: Feminist confrontations with science, medicine, and cyberspace....
  • Mannering, F.L. (1993). Male/female driver characteristics and accident risk: some new evidence. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 25(1),...
  • Martin, M. (1991). “Hello, Central?”: Gender, Technology, and Culture in the Formation of Telephone Systems. McGill-Queen’s
  • Massie, D. L., Campbell, K. L., & Williams, A. F. (1995). Traffic accident involvement rates by driver age and gender. Accident Analysis...
  • Mateja, J. (1995). Are bigger passenger cars safer? Traffic Safety Journal. 95(2), 4–5.
  • McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding media: The extensions of man. MIT Press.
  • Mies, M. (1986). Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale. Women in the International Division of Labour. Zed Books.
  • Mumford, L. (1973). Interpretations and forecasts: 1922–1972: Studies in literature, history, biography, technics, and contemporary society....
  • Niiniluoto, I. (1997). Límites de la Tecnología. Arbor, 157(620), 391–410.
  • Ortner, S. B. (1972). Is female to male as nature is to culture? Feminist studies, 1(2), 5–31.
  • Quintanilla, M. A. (1989–2005). Tecnología: Un enfoque filosófico y otros ensayos de filosofía de la tecnología. Fundesco.
  • Quintanilla, M. A. (2012). Tecnología, cultura e innovación. In E. Aibar, & M. A, Quintanilla (Eds.), Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad (103–135)....
  • Quintanilla, M. A. (2017). Tecnologías entrañables: un modelo alternativo de desarrollo tecnológico. In M. A. Quintanilla, M. Parselis, D....
  • Rakow, L. (1992). Gender on the Line: Women, the Telephone and Community Life. University of Illinois Press.
  • Rasmussen, B., & Håpnes, T. (1991). Excluding women from the technologies of the future? A case study of the culture of computer science....
  • Rommes, E. (2002). Gender Scripts and the Internet: The Design and Use of Amsterdam’s Digital City. Twente University Press.
  • Scheele, M. (2006). Function and use of technical artifacts: social conditions of function ascription. Studies in History and Philosophy of...
  • Sewell, W. (1990). Three temporalities: Toward a sociology of the event. University of Michigan.
  • Sommerville, J. A., & Woodward, A. L. (2005). Pulling out the intentional structure of action: the relation between action processing...
  • Strauss, A. (1978). A social world perspective. Studies in symbolic interaction, 1(1), 119–128.
  • Suchman, L. (1993). Working relations of technology production and use. Computer supported cooperative work, 2(1–2), 21–39.
  • Suchman, L. A. (2007). Human-machine reconfigurations: Plans and situated actions. Cambridge University Press.
  • Thomasson, A. (2007). Artifacts and Human Concepts. Creations of the Mind. Theories of Artifacts and Their Representation (pp. 52–73). Oxford...
  • Ulfarsson, G. F., & Mannering, F. L. (2004). Differences in male and female injury severities in sport-utility vehicle, minivan, pickup...
  • Van Oost, E. (2003). Materialized Gender: How Shavers Configure the Users’ Feminity and Masculinity. In N. Oudshoorn, & T. Pinch (Eds.),...
  • Wajcman, J. (2004–2006). Tecnofeminismo. Cátedra.
  • Wellman, H. M., & Phillips, A. T. (2001). Developing intentional understandings. Intentions and intentionality: Foundations of social...
  • Winner, L. (1980). Do artifacts have politics? Daedalus, MIT, 109(1), 121–136.
  • Zimmerman, M.K., & Hill, S.A. (2000). Reforming gendered health care: an assessment of change. International Journal of Health Services:...