Crecimiento económico y desigualdad: viejas y nuevas teorías, e implicaciones políticas

• Lídia Brun ^[1] ; Ignacio González ^[1]
  1. [1] American University

     American University

     Estados Unidos

     
• Localización: Ekonomiaz: Revista vasca de economía, ISSN 0213-3865, Nº. 101, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Crecimiento inclusivo y bienestar social), págs. 131-158
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.69810/ekz.1426
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Economic growth and inequality: old and new theories, and policy implications
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    La distribución de la riqueza y del ingreso se ha vuelto más desigual en las economías desarrolladas desde los años 80. El debate académico sobre sus causas y sus implicaciones ha suscitado la emergencia de narrativas alternativas. Algunas narrativas han enfatizado en los mecanismos de carácter tecnológico. Otras narrativas han apuntado a factores de carácter institucional, como la regulación del mercado o la fiscalidad, que resaltan la naturaleza política de la desigualdad. En este artículo discutimos estas narrativas recientes, al calor de la relación entre crecimiento y desigualdad en la historia del pensamiento económico, y defendemos la necesidad de retomar una senda decidida de carácter redistributivo.

  • English

    Income and wealth distributions have grown more unequal in developed economies since the 1980s. The academic debate around the causes and consequences of these trends have stimulated the emergence of competing narratives. Some narratives emphasize technological mechanisms. Other narratives point towards institutional factors, like market regulation and taxation, which underline the political nature of inequality. In this paper, we discuss these narratives in light of the relationship between economic growth and inequality in the history of economic thought, and we call for the need to undertake a decisive path towards higher redistributive policies.

  • euskara

    Aberastasunaren eta diru-sarreren banaketa desorekatuagoa bihurtu da garatutako ekonomietan 80ko hamarkadatik. Horien kausei eta inplikazioei buruzko eztabaida akademikoak narratiba alternatiboak sortzea eragin du. Narratiba batzuek izaera teknologikoko mekanismoak nabarmendu dituzte. Beste narratiba batzuek izaera instituzionaleko faktoreak aipatu dituzte, hala nola merkatuaren erregulazioa edo fiskalitatea, desberdintasunaren izaera politikoa nabarmentzen dutenak. Artikulu honetan narratiba hauek eztabaidatzen ditugu, pentsamendu ekonomikoaren historian hazkundearen eta desberdintasunaren arteko harremanaren testuinguruan, eta izaera birbanatzaileko bide irmoari berriro ekiteko beharra defendatzen dugu.

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