How the Responsibility of Digital Support for Older People is Allocated? The Swedish Welfare System at the Crossroads

• Alexopoulou, Sofia ^[1] ; Åström, Joachim
  1. [1] PhD researcher
• Localización: Research on Ageing and Social Policy: (RASP), ISSN-e 2014-671X, Vol. 10, Nº. 1, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: RASP), págs. 48-76
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.17583/rasp.8883
• Títulos paralelos:
  • ¿Cómo se asigna la responsabilidad del soporte digital a las personas mayores? El sistema de bienestar sueco en la encrucijada
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Un gran desafío para el bienestar hoy en día es promover oportunidades de digitalización al tiempo que se limitan las desigualdades sociales derivadas de las brechas digitales, especialmente para las personas mayores. Si bien la brecha digital es un problema dinámico, que pasa del acceso físico a las habilidades y el uso, las políticas públicas para cerrar la brecha no necesariamente siguen. Este estudio explora quién está brindando apoyo digital en Suecia al observar tres instituciones: (1) el sistema municipal de cuidado de ancianos, (2) instituciones de educación popular y (3) la familia. Los resultados muestran que la política sueca se basa en gran medida en la educación popular y los arreglos familiares, lo que deja a muchos suecos jóvenes con necesidad de apoyo digital sin apoyo público, mientras que ocurre lo contrario para los suecos muy mayores, que en su mayoría son consumidores de tecnologías de bienestar. Surgen problemas de dependencia o al revés. Dado esto, es necesario reevaluar el papel del estado de bienestar sueco, que marca el tono del régimen de bienestar sueco, especialmente a la luz del desafío demográfico (un número creciente de personas mayores)

  • English

    A great welfare challenge today is to promote opportunities of digitalization while limiting social inequalities from digital divides, especially for older people. While the digital divide is a dynamic problem, shifting from physical access to skills and usage, public policies to close the divide do not necessary follow. This study explores who is providing digital support in Sweden by looking at three institutions: (1) the municipal eldercare system, (2) popular education institutions, and (3) the family. The results show that the Swedish policy rely heavily on popular education and family arrangements, leaving many young-old Swedes in need of digital support without public support, while the opposite occurs for very old Swedes who are mostly consumers of welfare technologies. Issues of dependency/independency arise. Given this, the role to the Swedish welfare state needs to be re-evaluated, especially in light of rapid demographic change.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Agre, P. E. (2002). Real-time politics: The Internet and the political process. The Information Society, 18(5). https://doi.org/311-331. 10.1080/01972240290075174
  • Alexopoulou, S. (2020). Borrowed access: The grey digital divide meets the familialist welfare model of Greece. The Journal of Aging and Social...
  • Barber, B. R. (2001). The uncertainty of digital politics: Democracy’s uneasy relationship with information technology. Harvard International...
  • Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to Plan and Perform a Qualitative Study Using Content Analysis. Nursing Plus Open, 2, 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001.
  • Blomberg, S., Edebalk, P. G., & Petersson, J. (2000). The withdrawal of the welfare state: Elderly care in Sweden in the 1990s. European...
  • Blomqvist, P. (2004). The choice revolution: Privatization of Swedish welfare services in the 1990s. Social Policy and Administration, 38(2),...
  • Brodin, H. (2005). Does Anybody Care? Public and Private Responsibilities in Swedish Eldercare 1940–2000. Ekonomisk historiska institutionen,...
  • Bustillos, J. (2017). The Digital Divide. Neoliberal Imperatives and Education. In S. Isaacs, (Eds), European Social Problems. London and...
  • Calhoun, C. (1995). Critical Social Theory: Culture, History and the Challenge of Difference. Cambridge: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Carruthers, D. (2001). Environmental politics in Chile: Legacies of dictatorship and democracy. Third World Quarterly, 22(3), 343-358. www.jstor.org/stable/3993468.
  • Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Dahlquist, O., L. (2019). Folkbildning för delaktighet: En studie om bibliotekets demokratiska uppdrag i en digital samtid. Lunds Universitet.
  • Davidsson P., Palm M. & Mandre ÅM. (2018). Svenskarna och internet 2018. Retrieved October 8, 2021 from https://internetstiftelsen.se/docs/Svenskarna_och_internet_2018.pdf
  • Digidel (2013). Ökad digital delaktighet. Stockholm: Digidel.
  • Dye, T. R. (1972). Understanding Public Policy. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
  • Eichhorst, W. & Rinne, U. (2017). Digital Challenges for the Welfare State. IZA Policy Paper, No. 134. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics
  • Emanuel, M. (2009). Folkbildning kring datorn 1978-85. Transkript av ett vittnesseminarium vid Tekniska museet i Stockholm den 9 oktober 2008....
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1999). Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Fang, M.L., Canham, S.L., Battersby, L., Sixsmith, J., Wada, M., & Sixsmith, A. (2019). Exploring Privilege in the Digital Divide: Implications...
  • Fischl, C., Lindelöf, N., Lindgren, H., & Nilsson, I. (2020). Older adults’ perceptions of contexts surrounding their social participation...
  • Folkbildningsrådet (2019a). Årsredovisning och verksamhetsberättelse. Stockholm: Folkbildningsrådet.
  • Folkbildningsrådet (2019b). Digitalisering inom folkbildningen. Hur ser det ut idag och vilka utmaningar finns framöver? Stockholm: Folkbildningsrådet.
  • Folkbildningsrådet (2018). Årsredovisning och verksamhetsberättelse. Stockholm: Folkbildningsrådet.
  • Folkbildningsrådet (2017). Årsredovisning och verksamhetsberättelse. Stockholm: Folkbildningsrådet.
  • Folkbildningsrådet (2015). Digital delaktighet och flexibelt lärande i folkbildningen 2014. Stockholm: Folkbildningsrådet.
  • Fountain, J. E. (2001). Building the Virtual State: Information Technology and Institutional Change. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Frennert, S. & Baudin, K. (2019). The concept of welfare technology in Swedish municipal eldercare. Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(9),...
  • Government Offices of Sweden (2017). För ett hållbart digitaliserat Sverige – en digitaliseringsstrategi. Stockholm: Government Offices of...
  • Government Offices of Sweden (2016) Vision for eHealth 2026 – Common Starting Points for Digitization of Social Services and Health Care....
  • Grassman, E. J. (2014). The question of civil society in a Scandinavian Welfare State: Focusing on older people in Sweden. Senri Ethnological...
  • Hall, P. (2008). Throwing discourses in the garbage can: The case of Swedish ICT policy. Critical Policy Analysis, 2(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2008.9518530.
  • Hansen, H.-T., Lundberg, K., & Syltevik, L. J. (2018). Digitalization, street-level bureaucracy and welfare users’ experiences. Social...
  • Helbig, N., Gil-Garcia, R. J., & Ferro, E. (2009). Understanding the complexity of electronic government: Implications from the digital...
  • Helsper, E. J. & Reisdorf, B. C. (2017). The emergence of a “digital underclass” in Great Britain and Sweden: Changing reasons for digital...
  • Helsper, E. J. & van Deursen, A. J. A. M. (2017). Do the rich get digitally richer? Quantity and quality of support for digital engagement....
  • IT-kommissionen (2002). IT och äldre. IT-kommissionens rapport 2/2002.
  • Jensen, P. H. & Andrea, P. (2014). Introduction: Enhancing volunteering in later life in Europe. In A. Principi, P. H. Jensen, & G....
  • Katz, S. (2000). Busy bodies: Activity, aging, and the management of everyday life. Journal of Aging Studies, 14(2), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(00)80008-0.
  • Katzin, M. (2014). Tillbaka till familjen: privat och offentligt ansvar i den svenska äldreomsorgen. Retfærd: Nordisk juridisk tidsskrift,...
  • Länsstyrelserna (2019). Bevakning av grundläggande betaltjänster 2019. Rapport 2019:10.
  • Larsson, S. (1999). Studiecirkeldemokratin. I Amnå, Erik (ed) Civilsamhället. SOU 1999: 84. Demokratiutredningens forskarvolym VIII.
  • Löfgren, K. & Sørensen, E. (2011). Metagoverning policy networks in e-government. In V. Weerakkody (Eds.), Applied Technology Integration...
  • Lupton, D. (2013). The digitally engaged patient: Self-monitoring and self-care in the digital health era. Social Theory & Health, 11(3),...
  • Marking, C. (2010). Insatser för Digital Delaktighet. Stockholm: Internetstiftelsen.se.
  • Mölndals kommun (2020). Digitalt stöd i hemmet. Ny serviceinsats från 1 januari 2020. Mölndal: Mölndals kommun.
  • Montin, S. (2015). Between hierarchy, market and networks: The case of public service and care for the elderly in Sweden. Paper presented...
  • Montin, S. (2017). The politics and management of eldercare in flux: The case of Sweden. Paper presented at COST Action Loc, Ref, 9-10 of...
  • Morse, M. J. (2008). Confusing Categories and Themes. Qualitative Health Research 18(6), 727–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732308314930.
  • Motel-Klingebiel, A., Tesch-Römer, C., & von Kondratowitz, H.-J. (2005). Welfare states do not crowd out the family: Evidence for mixed...
  • National Board of Health and Welfare (2020a). E-hälsa och välfärdsteknik i kommunerna 2020. Stockholm: National Board of Health and Welfare.
  • National Board of Health and Welfare (2020b). Vård och omsorg om äldre. Lägesrapport 2020. Stockholm: National Board of Health and Welfare.
  • Ney, S. (2005). Active aging policy in Europe: Between path dependency and path departure. Ageing International, 30, 325–342. https://doi.org/110.1007/s12126-005-1019-6.
  • Norberg, I. (2017). Insatser för digital kompetens på folkbiblioteken: En studie om Folkbildningsfolkbibliotekens arbete med digital delaktighet....
  • Nordens välfärdscenter (2020). Att åldras i Norden - En kartläggning av strategier och initiativ för aktivt och hälsosamt åldrande i de nordiska...
  • Nordqvist, C. & Wihlborg, E. (2019). Digitalt först? Kommuners och professionellas arbete för ökad digital inkludering. DINO Rapport 2019:2....
  • Norris, P. (2001). Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Post-och telestyrelsen (2017). Grundläggande betaltjänster i en digitaliserad framtid,.PTS-ER-2017:20.Stockholm: Post-och telestyrelsen,
  • Powell, W. W. & Di Maggio, P. J. (Eds.) (1991). The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Regeringskansliet (2017/18:47). Hur Sverige blir bäst i världen på att använda digitaliseringens möjligheter - en skrivelse om politikens...
  • Reneland-Forsman, L. (2018). ‘Borrowed access’ – the struggle of older persons for digital participation. International Journal of Lifelong...
  • Scheerder, A., van Deursen, A., & van Dijk, J. (2017). Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes: A systematic review of the...
  • Schou, J. (2018). Remaking Citizenship: Welfare Reform and Public Sector Digitalization. ITU-DS No. 151.IT-Universitetet i København.
  • Siren, A. & Knudsen, S. G. (2017). Older adults and emerging digital service delivery: A mixed methods study on information and communications...
  • Sobis, I. (2014). Comparison of Public and Private Home Care Services for Elderly in Gothenburg Region, Sweden 2013. Central European Public...
  • SOU (2020:14). Framtidens teknik i omsorgens tjänst.
  • SOU (2014:13). En digital agenda i människans tjänst – en ljusnande framtid kan bli vår. Delbetänkande Digitaliseringskommissionen.
  • SPF Seniorerna (2019). Digitalisering handlar om människor. Stockholm: SPF Seniorerna.
  • Statskontoret (2018). En folkbildning i tiden – en utvärdering utifrån syftena med statsbidraget. Slutrapport. Stockholm: Statskontoret.
  • Sundström, G., Johansson, L., & Hassing, L. B. (2002). The shifting balance of long-term care in Sweden. Gerontologist, 42 (3), 350-355....
  • Svensk biblioteksförening (2018). Digital delaktighet en kärnuppgift för biblioteken. www.biblioteksföreningen.se.
  • Sveriges kommuner och landsting (2017). Förutsättningar för digital utveckling i kommuner, landsting och regioner. Handlingsplan 2017-2025....
  • Szebehely, M. & Trydegård, G. B. (2007). Omsorgstjänster för äldre och funktionshindrade: skilda villkor, skilda trender? Socialvetenskaplig...
  • Szebehely, M. & Trydegård, G.-B. (2012). Home care for older people in Sweden: A universal model in transition. Health and Social Care...
  • Szebehely, M. & Ulmanen, P. (2008). Vård av anhöriga – ett högt pris för kvinnor. Välfärd: SCB:s tidskrift om arbetsliv, demografi och...
  • The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (2018). Framtidens äldreomsorg – en nationell kvalitetsplan. Skr. 2017/18:280.
  • The Swedish Internet Foundation (2020). Svenskarna och Internet 2020. Stockholm: The Swedish Internet Foundation.
  • The Swedish Internet Foundation (2018). Svenskarna och Internet 2018. Stockholm: The Swedish Internet Foundation.
  • The Swedish Internet Foundation (2014). Svenskarna och Internet 2014. Stockholm: The Swedish Internet Foundation.
  • Torfing, J. (2009). Rethinking path dependence in public policy research. Critical Policy Studies, 3(1), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460170903158149.
  • van Deursen, A. J. A. M. & Helsper, E. J. (2015). The third-level digital divide: Who benefits most from being online? In L. Robinson,...
  • Van Dijk, J. (2020). The Digital Divide. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Wei, K.-K., Teo, H.-H., Chan, H. C., & Tan, B. C. (2011). Conceptualizing and testing a social cognitive model of the digital divide....
  • Yang, K. (2003). Neoinstitutionalism and e-government: Beyond Jane Fountain. Social Science Computer Review, 21(4), 432-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439303256508.
  • Yin, R. K. (1981). The case study crisis: Some answers. Administrative Science. Quarterly, 26(1), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392599.
  • Yin, R. K. (1998). The abridged version of case study research: Design and method. In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), Handbook of Applied...