Affordances como mutualismo organismo-entorno: reconsiderando la propuesta ecológica original de Gibson

• Pablo López-Silva ^[1] ; Fernanda Zambra-Silva ^[1] ; Juan Chávez Abello ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Valparaíso

     Universidad de Valparaíso

     Valparaíso, Chile

     
• Localización: Crítica: revista hispanoamericana de filosofía, ISSN 0011-1503, Vol. 54, Nº. 160, 2022, págs. 31-55
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2022.1309
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    En el campo de la psicología ecológica, la noción de affordance refiere a la percepción de oportunidades para la acción en los objetos del entorno. Problemáticamente, la falta de unidad conceptual parece dominar la caracterización del fenómeno haciendo que su significado varíe drásticamente dependiendo del autor que hace uso de ella. Este artículo ofrece una exégesis sistemática al trabajo original de J.J. Gibson enfocándose en la pregunta sobre qué (a) son las affordances y (b) cuáles son sus componentes fundamentales (organismo, entorno y mutualismo). Finalmente, se propone una clasificación que permitirá categorizar diversas alternativas contemporáneas del concepto según la forma en la cual entienden la relación entre tales componentes.

  • English

    In ecological psychology, the concept of affordance refers to the per- ception of opportunities for action in the surrounding objects. Problematically, the lack of conceptual unity pervades the characterization of the phenomenon, leading to important differences between the definition that different authors use of the concept. This paper offers a systematic exegesis of the original work of J.J.

    Gibson focused on the question about (a) what affordances are, and (b) what are their main components. Finally, it is offered a general classification that might guide the categorization of current uses of the term is proposed depending on the way in which different approaches conceptualize the relationship between these main components.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Chemero, A., 2010, “An Outline of a Theory of Affordances”, Ecological Psychology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 181-195.
  • Chemero, A., 2009, Radical Embodied Cognitive Science, MIT Press, Cambridge.
  • Condia, R., M. Arbib, C. Ellard, B. Chamberlain y K. Rooney, 2020, Meaning in Architecture: Affordances, Atmospheres, and Mood, New Prairie...
  • Dreyfus, H., 2002, “Intelligence without Representation — Merleau-Ponty’s Critique of Mental Representation the Relevance of Phenomenology...
  • Dokumaci, A., 2020, “People as Affordances”, Current Anthropology, vol. 61, no. 21, pp. 98–108. (https://doi.org/10.1086/705783)
  • Gibson, J.J., 2015 [1986], The Ecological Approach To Visual Perception, Psychology Press, Nueva York.
  • Gibson, J.J., 2002, “A Theory of Direct Visual Perception”, in A. Noë y E. Thompson (comps.), Vision and Mind, Selected Readings in the Philosophy...
  • Gibson, J.J., 1979, “The Theory of Affordances”, in J. Gieseking, W. Mangold, C. Katz, S. Low, y S. Saegert (comps.), The People, Place and...
  • Gibson, J.J., 1966, The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
  • Gibson, J.J., 1960, “The Concept of the Stimulus in Psychology”, American Psychologist, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 694–703.
  • Heras-Escribano, M., 2020, “The Evolutionary Role of Affordances: Ecological Psychology, Niche Construction, and Natural Selection”, Biology...
  • Heras-Escribano, M., 2019, The Philosophy of Affordances, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  • Heras-Escribano, M. y M. de Pinedo, 2018, “Affordances and Landscapes: Overcoming the Nature–Culture Dichotomy through Niche Construction...
  • Jones, K., 2010, “What Is an Affordance?”, Ecological Psychology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 107–114. (https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326969ECO1502_1)
  • López-Silva, P., 2020, “Sujeto y acción situada: mapeando el concepto de Affordance”, Avances en psicología latinoamericana, vol. 38, no....
  • Maier, J., G. Fadel y D. Battisto, 2009, “An Affordance-Based Approach to Architectural Theory, Design, and Practice”, Design Studies, vol....
  • McGrenere, J. and W. Ho, 2000, “Affordances: Clarifying and Evolving the Concept”, Proceedings of Graphics Interface, pp. 179–186. (https://doi.org/10.20380/GI2000.24)
  • Michaels, C., 2003, “Affordances: Four Points of Debate”, Ecological Psychology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 135–148. (https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326969ECO1502_3)
  • Michaels, C. y Z. Palatinus, 2014, “A Ten Commandments for Ecological Psychology”, in L. Shapiro (comp.), The Routledge Handbook of Embodied...
  • Prinz, J., 2012, The Conscious Mind, OUP, Oxford.
  • Read, C., y A. Szokolszky, 2020, “Ecological Psychology and Enactivism: Perceptually-Guided Action vs. Sensation-Based Enaction”, Frontiers...
  • Reed, E., 1996, Encountering the World: Toward an Ecological, University Press, Oxford.
  • Rietveld, E. y J. Kiverstein, 2014, “A Rich Landscape of Affordances”, Ecological Psychology, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 325–352. (https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2014.958035)
  • Roberts, S., D. Koditschek y L. Miracchi, 2020, “Examples of Gibsonian Affordances in Legged Robotics Research Using an Empirical, Generative...
  • Siegel, S., 2014, “Affordances and the Contents of Perception”, in B. Brogaard (comp.), Does Perception Have Content?, University Press, Oxford.
  • Scarantino, A., 2003, “Affordances Explained”, Philosophy of Science, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 949–961. (https://doi.org/10.1086/377380)
  • Stoffregen, T., 2010, “Affordances as Properties of the Animal-Environment System”, Ecological Psychology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 115–134. (https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326969ECO1502_2)
  • Stoffregen, T., 2000, “Affordances and Events”, Ecological Psychology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–29. (https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326969ECO1201_1)
  • Stoffregen, T., K. Gorday, Y. Sheng, y S. Flynn, 1999, “Perceiving Affordances for Another Person’s Actions”, Journal of Experimental Psychology...
  • Turvey, M.T., 1992, “Affordances and Prospective Control: An Outline of the Ontology”, Ecological Psychology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 173–187....
  • Withagen, R., H.J. De Poel, D. Araújo, y G.J. Pepping, 2012, “Affordances Can Invite Behavior: Reconsidering the Relationship between Affordances...