Acceso usuarios
Raúl Zepeda Gil
En los últimos años han surgido numerosas interpretaciones sobre el aumento drástico de homicidios cometidos en México a partir del año 2007. En las interpretaciones, diversos autores difieren sobre el factor detonante del aumento de la violencia, los diferentes eventos que pudieron haber sido causa de los aumentos más agudos y las condiciones estructurales que permitieron tales fenómenos. En este ensayo hago una revisión de estas interpretaciones, expuestas en la literatura especializada, y las clasifico —según el factor, evento o condición— en siete tesis explicativas: 1) acción gubernamental, 2) conflict criminal, 3) descoordinación intergubernamental, 4) debilidad estatal, 5) influencia externa, 6) trasfondo socioeconómico y 7) guerra criminal contra el Estado. Finalmente, hago una propuesta de carácter metodológico desde la literatura de guerras civiles para comprender la violencia asociada a la guerra contra las drogas. There is an increasing amount of research about the causes behind the extraordinary increase of violence in Mexico since 2007. In the current literature about this topic, various interpretations have emerged about why did homicides increased so quickly, which kind of events could unleash major violence and which structural conditions were necessary so that could happen. In this essay, I review this literature and I classify it in seven types of interpretations according to the kind of events that the authors emphasize as a main factor that explains the increasing of violence. The seven types are 1) governmental prosecution, 2) turf war, 3) state-federal lack of coordination, 4) state-weakness, 5) external influence, 6) economic dynamics and 7) State-Criminal war. Finally, I make a methodological suggestion to study the violence related to drug crime accordingly to the civil wars literature.
There is an increasing amount of research about the causes behind the extraor-dinary increase of violence in Mexico since 2007. In the current literature about this topic, various interpretations have emerged about why did homicides increased so quickly, which kind of events could unleash major violence and which structural conditions were necessary so that could happen. In this essay, I review this literature and I classify it in seven types of interpretations according to the kind of events that the authors emphasize as a main factor that explains the increasing of violence. The seven types are 1) govern-mental prosecution, 2) turf war, 3) state-federal lack of coordination, 4) state-weakness, 5)external influence, 6) economic dynamics and 7) State-Criminal war. Finally, I make a methodological suggestion to study the violence related to drug crime accordingly to the civil wars literature.
