Acceso usuarios
Rocío Chamizo Sánchez, Ruth Gómez de Travesedo Rojas, Marta Gil Ramírez
Las Relaciones Públicas constituyen un campo profesional que viene experimentando una gran expansión en América Latina (Arzuaga-Williams, 2019). Su análisis a nivel académico es, sin embargo, incipiente y se focaliza más hacia su carácter instrumental (Cuenca et al., 2019), que hacia el examen de la disciplina como ciencia. Los estudios bibliométricos son una eficiente herramienta para conocer el volumen y la calidad de la producción científica, pero estos son aún escasos en relación al análisis de las relaciones públicas en el ámbito académico en general (Ramos et. al, 2014), y en el latinoamericano en particular. Esta investigación propone determinar cuál es la situación de la producción científica sobre relaciones públicas que proyectan las revistas con mayor índice de impacto del Caribe latinoamericano. Desde una perspectiva bibliométrica, se emplea el análisis de contenido para examinar los artículos publicados por las revistas Comunicación y Sociedad (México), Palabra Clave y Signo y Pensamiento (Colombia), en el periodo de 2010 a 2020. Los resultados apuntan, en sintonía con investigaciones previas (Castillo-Esparcia et al., 2020; Navarro-Beltrán et al., 2020), a una insuficiente producción científica que logre posicionar a las relaciones públicas al mismo nivel que otras ramas de las Ciencias de la Comunicación. El uso particular de la terminología en la producción científica caribeña, que excluye la expresión “relaciones públicas” como referente, puede ser un factor determinante en la menor visibilidad internacional de este tipo de investigaciones. Al margen de la todavía irrelevante posición de la producción científica, los hallazgos permiten perfilar su caracterización, que se define por: la prevalencia de autoría colectiva sin especial distinción del sexo de los firmantes, la comunicación organizacional y política como principales focos de atención, y la preponderancia de estudios empíricos de carácter cualitativo.
Scientific production in Latin America and the Caribbean has experienced great growth in recent years(Álvarez-Muñoz y Pérez-Montoro, 2016; Santa y Herrero, 2010), due in part to the increase in publicinvestment in science in these countries and the indexing of their journals in global (Scopus or Wos) andregional (Latindex or Redalyc) databases of bibliographic references. However, in communication, the publication of academic articles is still embryonic. There are several academic studies (Flores-García y Becerril-García, 2020; López- Ornelas et al., 2017; Rogel-Salazar et al., 2017) that highlight the scarce of disclosure of scientific knowledge in this region, remarking the limited presence of communication journals published in Latin America and indexed in databases. In the specific area of public relations, the conceptualization and recognition of this discipline in the academic and professional field has been increasing since the mid-twentieth century. However, despite the progress experienced, the small number of existing studies on the subject in these journals, justify this investigation line. In this sense, this research, within the framework of bibliometric studies, proposes to determine the position occupied by public relations in the academic production about communication of the main journals of the Latin American Caribbean in the last ten years (2010-2020); as well as analyzing the main characteristics of these publications by examining the areas of knowledge of the published texts, the institutions from which they come or its authorship, among other aspects such as the object of study and the methodological procedure used in the research. The scientific journals that make up the sample (Comunicación y Sociedad, from Mexico, Palabra Clave and Signo y Pensamiento, both from Colombia) have been selected based on representativeness criteria such as the impact index in the Scopus bibliographic database and the geographical scope of the Latin American Caribbean. The results indicate that the discipline of public relations is marginal in the overall scientific production in communication in the Latin American Caribbean. Most of the texts published by the journals with the highest impact index in the region focus on fields related to communication but are far removed from the specific area of public relations. However, it is noticeable that in recent years greater attention has been paid to this discipline, with an increase in scientific production in the period between 2016 and 2020.The findings obtained also allow us to establish a profile of the scientific production on public relations disseminated in the decade from 2010 to 2020 by the leading journals in the Latin American Caribbean. A collective authorship, balanced in terms of the sex of the signatories, mainly from universities in Latin America and Spain, and the use of empirical approaches from a qualitative perspective, define the type of academic production analysed. Despite the limitations that this research presents when it comes to extrapolating the results to the whole of the scientific production on public relations in territories other than the Latin American Caribbean, it is outlined as an exploratory study and a first approach to the still incipient research on the discipline of public relations in Caribbean academic journals.
