Realization of the Right to Health Protection in Insurance Medicine: The First Experience of Covid-19

• Lutsyuk, Pavlo ^[1] ; Bolokan, Inna ^[1] ; Davydova, Iryna ^[1] ; Chanysheva, Alina ^[1] ; Yakymchuk, Svitlana ^[2]
  1. [1] National University

     National University

     Estados Unidos

     
  2. [2] Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law (Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine)
• Localización: Ius Humani: Revista de Derecho, ISSN-e 1390-7794, ISSN 1390-440X, Vol. 9, Nº. 2, 2020 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Ius Humani. Law Journal), págs. 341-364
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.31207/ih.v9i2.259
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Realización del derecho a la protección de la salud en la medicina de seguros: la primera experiencia de Covid-19
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo analiza la efectividad de la medicina aseguradora y las consecuencias negativas de su trabajo, que pudimos observar en el primer período de la pandemia. La metodología de investigación se basa en métodos científicos generales y especiales, en particular: formal-legal, histórico-legal, análisis comparativo y modelización. El procedimiento y los temas a considerar son los siguientes: en la introducción se considerará el concepto de “derecho a la atención de la salud” y la razón de su importancia; en la primera sección, veremos el estado general de la situación, las cifras de diferentes países y los primeros resultados de la lucha contra la pandemia; en la segunda sección, abordaremos algunos de los problemas de acceso a la atención médica en el sistema de seguros y su agravamiento en relación con la pandemia; en el tercero, consideraremos el impacto de la pandemia en el sistema de seguro de salud y cómo podrían haberse evitado problemas. Los resultados de este estudio destacan cómo el sistema de seguro médico ha enfrentado de manera extremadamente insatisfactoria la pandemia y sus consecuencias, y por lo tanto es necesario al menos llevar a cabo un funcionario de pleno derecho, y en el mejor de los casos desarrollar un programa de modernización integral urgente, teniendo en cuenta la experiencia positiva anterior de otros países desarrollados.

  • English

    This article analyze the effectiveness of insurance medicine and the negative consequences of its work, which we could observe in the first period of the pandemic. The research methodology is based on general and special scientific methods, in particular: formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative analysis, and modeling. The procedure and issues to be considered are as follows: in the introduction, we will consider the concept of “the right to health care” and why it is important; in the first section, we will look at the general state of affairs, figures for different countries, and the first results of the fight against the pandemic; in the second section, we will touch on some of the problems of access to health care in the insurance system and its aggravation in connection with the pandemic; in the third, we will consider the impact of the pandemic on the health insurance system and how it could have been avoided some problems. The results of this study emphasize that the medical insurance system has extremely unsatisfactorily coped with the pandemic and its consequences, and therefore it is necessary at least to carry out a full-fledged official, and at best to develop an urgent comprehensive modernization program, taking into account the above positive experience of other developed countries.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • References American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. (1999). No health insurance? It’s Enough to Make You Sick...
  • American Hospital Association. (2020). New AHA Report: Losses Deepen For Hospitals & Health Systems. In https://www.aha.org/press-releases/2020-06-30-new-aha-report-losses-deepen-hospitals-health-systems.
  • Ayanian, J. Z., Weissman, J. S., Schneider, E. C., Ginsburg, J. A. & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2009). Unmet health needs of uninsured adults in...
  • Baicker, K., Taubman, S. L., Allen, H. L., Bernstein, M., Gruber, J. H., Newhouse, J. P., Schneider, E.C., Wright, B.J., Zaslavsky, A.M. &...
  • Banthin, J., Simpson, M., Buettgens, M., Blumberg, L. J. & Wang, R. (July 13, 2020). Changes in Health Insurance Coverage Due to the Covid-19...
  • Becton, J. L. J., Cheng, L. & Nieman, L. Z. (2008). The effect of lack of insurance, poverty and pediatrician supply on immunization rates...
  • Bodenheimer, T. & Pham, H. H. (2010). Primary Care: Current Problems and Proposed Solutions. Health Affairs, 29(5), 799–805. DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0026.
  • Brown, E. R., Ojeda, V. D., Wyn, R. & Levan, R. (2000). Racial and ethnic disparities in access to health insurance and health care. UCLA...
  • Buchmueller, T. C., Grumbach, K., Kronick, R. & Kahn, J. G. (2005). The Effect of Health Insurance on Medical Care Utilization and Implications...
  • Campbell, D. (July 8, 2019). NHS operations cancelled as consultants work to rule in pensions standoff. The Guardian. In https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/jul/08/nhs-faces-existential-threat-as-senior-doctors-work-to-rule.
  • CBS Los Angeles. (2020). Lancaster Teen Who Died Of Possible Covid-19 Complications Lacked Insurance, Delaying Treatment. In https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/03/27/coronavirus-lancaster-teen-insurance/.
  • Cho, Y., Chung, H., Joo, H., Park, H.J., Joh, H.-K. & Kim, J.W. (2020). Comparison of patient perceptions of primary care quality across...
  • Cohen, R.A., Terlizzi, E.P., Martinez, M.M. & Cha, A.E. (2020). Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National...
  • Collins, S. R., Bhupal, H. K. & Doty, M.M. (2019). Health Insurance Coverage Eight Years after the ACA. Common wealth fund. In https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2019/feb/health-insurance-coverage-eight-years-after-aca.
  • Collins, S. R., Gunja, M. Z., Aboulafia, G. N., Czyzewicz, E., Kline, C. H., Rapoport, R. & Glancey, S. (June 23, 2020). An Early Look...
  • Dorn, S. (July 13, 2020). The Covid-19 pandemic and resulting economic crash have caused the greatest health insurance losses in American...
  • Douthit, N., Kiv, S., Dwolatzky, T. & Biswas, S. (2015). Exposing some important barriers to health care access in the rural USA. Public...
  • FAIR Health, Inc. (2020). The Projected Economic Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the US Healthcare System. In https://s3.amazonaws.com/media2.fairhealth.org/brief/asset/Covid-19%20-%20The%20Projected%20Economic%20Impact%20of%20the%20Covid-19%20Pandemic%20on%20the%20US%20Healthcare%20System.pdf.
  • Freeman, J. D., Kadiyala, S., Bell, J. B. & Martin, D. P. (2008). The Causal Effect of Health Insurance on Utilization and Outcomes in...
  • Fullman, N., Yearwood, J., Abay, S.A. & Abbafati C. (2018). Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries...
  • Giordano, C. (August 8, 2019). Treat NHS patients in private hospitals to cut waiting lists, government urged. Independent. In https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/nhs-operation-waiting-list-private-hospitals-a9047661.html.
  • Goncharona, O. (June 24, 2019). The Right Korea: How Direct Government Financing Of Health Care Combines With Hard Competition in the Medical...
  • Harris, S., Sondel, J. & Schneider, G. S. (April 10, 2020). Cash-starved hospitals and doctor groups cut staff amid pandemic. The Washington...
  • Institute of Medicine (US). (2009). America’s Uninsured Crisis: Consequences for Health and Health Care. Washington (DC): National Academies...
  • Kaiser Family Foundation. (2019). Health Insurance Coverage of the Total Population. In https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-population/?dataView=1&currentTimeframe=0&selectedDistributions=employer&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D.
  • Kliff, S. (June 16, 2020). Most Coronavirus Tests Cost About $100. Why Did One Cost $2,315? The New York Times. In https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/upshot/coronavirus-test-cost-varies-widely.html.
  • Kurani, N., Pollitz, K., Cotliar, D., Shanosky, N. & Cox, C. (July 15, 2020). Covid-19 Test Prices and Payment Policy. Health System Tracker....
  • Lee, S. Y., Kim, C. W., Seo, N. K. & Lee, S. E. (2017). Analyzing the Historical Development and Transition of the Korean Health Care...
  • Majerol, M., Newkirk, V. & Garfield, R. (2015). The Uninsured: A Primer: key facts about health insurance and the uninsured in the era...
  • Matsuda, S. (2019). Health Policy in Japan—Current Situation and Future Challenges. JMA Journal, 2(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2018-0016.
  • McWilliams, J. M., Zaslavsky, A. M. & Meara, E. (2013). Impact of Medicare Coverage on Basic Clinical Services for Previously Uninsured...
  • Mehrotra, A., Chernew, M., Linetsky, D., Hatch, H. & Cutler, D. (2020). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Outpatient Visits: A Rebound...
  • National Association of Community Health Centers and the Robert Graham Center. (2007). Access denied: a look at America’s medically disenfranchised....
  • U.S. Department of Labor (2020). News release: the employment situation—September 2020. Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics. In In...
  • Nomura, H. & Nakayama, T. (2005). The Japanese healthcare system. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 331(7518), 648–649. DOI:10.1136/bmj.331.7518.648.
  • Pimpertz, J. (May 30, 2017). Kein Spielraum für Wahlgeschenke: Wie die Demografie die privaten Haushalte belastet. In https://www.insm-oekonomenblog.de/16590-kein-spielraum-fuer-wahlgeschenke-wie-die-demografie-die-privaten-haushalte-belastet/.
  • Saad, L. (December 9, 2019). More Americans Delaying Medical Treatment Due to Cost. Gallup. In https://news.gallup.com/poll/269138/americans-delaying-medical-treatment-due-cost.aspx.
  • Sawyer, B. & Cox, C. (December 7, 2018). How does health spending in the U.S. compare to other countries? Health System Tracker. In https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/health-spending-u-s-compare-countries.
  • Skinner, A. C. & Mayer, M. L. (2007). Effects of insurance status on children’s access to specialty care: a systematic review of the literature....
  • Starfield, B., Shi, L. & Macinko, J. (2005). Contribution of Primary Care to Health Systems and Health. The Milbank Quarterly, 83(3),...
  • Sung, S. & Park, H.A. (2019). Perceived cultural differences in healthcare for foreign patients visiting South Korea: tool development...
  • Tolbert, J., Orgera, K. & Damico, A. (November 6, 2019). Key Facts about the Uninsured Population. KFF. In https://www.kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General. (2020). Hospital Experiences Responding to the Covid-19 Pandemic:...
  • United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx.
  • Watkins, J., Wulaningsih, W., Zhou, C.D., Marshall, D.C., Sylianteng, G.D.C., Rosa, P.G.D., Miguel, V.A., Raine, R., King, L.P. & Maruthappu,...
  • Worldometers. (2020). Coronavirus Cases. In https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
  • Zuvekas, S.H. & Taliaferro, G.S. (2003). Pathways to Access: Health Insurance, the Health Care Delivery System, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities,...