Compensación y derechos punitivos en el Derecho Internacional: comentario a la sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en “Compensación debida por la República de Nicaragua a la República de Costa Rica”

• María Elisa Zavala Achurra ^[1]
  1. [1] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

     Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

     Santiago, Chile

     
• Localización: Revista de derecho, ISSN-e 0718-9753, ISSN 0717-5345, Nº. 28, 2021
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-9753-2021-0018
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Compensation and punitive rights in International Law: Commentary on the Judgment of the International Court of Justice on “Compensation Owed by the Republic of Nicaragua to the Republic of Costa Rica”
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    El reciente fallo de compensación dictado por la Corte Internacional de Justicia en el caso disputado entre Costa Rica y Nicaragua levanta pun-tos relevantes sobre las reparaciones en la esfera internacional. Asentado en doctrina y jurisprudencia que las compensaciones otorgadas en derecho internacional buscan reparar un daño causado, pero jamás castigar al estado infractor, resulta necesario analizar si en este caso aquel paradigma comienza a cambiar. Específicamente, la forma en que razonan los jueces de la mayoría, y algunas Declaraciones y una Opinión Separada al fallo, muestra que en este caso probablemente se otorgaron daños punitivos de facto. Incluso aunque aquello no hubiera ocurrido, surgen voces dentro de la misma Corte Inter-nacional de Justicia que llaman a incluir los daños punitivos en este ordenamiento jurídico. En este contexto, el estudio de la concepción, rol y función de la compensación en el derecho internacional resulta sumamente relevante. Este comentario alerta sobre los desafíos que tribuna-les internacionales otorgaran daños punitivos.

  • English

    The recent compensation award issued by the International Court of Justice in the case that had Costa Rica and Nicaragua litigating raises relevant questions in relation to reparations in international law. It is established in doctrine and in jurisprudence that compensations that are awarded in international law seek to repair a damage that was caused, but never punish the damaging state. However, it is important to analyze whether that paradigm has started to change. Specifically, the way in which the Court reasoned, and some Declarations to it and one Separate Opinion, show that punitive damages were probably de facto awarded in this case. Even if that were not the case, voices inside the same International Court of Justice support the inclusion of punitive damages in this legal sys-tem. In this context, the study of the concept, role and function of compensation in international law is of the outmost relevance. This comment alerts about the challenges that would exist if international tribunals award punitive damages.

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