La represión a las tiras cómicas de los periódicos en los Estados Unidos (1890-1945)

• Fernández Sarasola, Ignacio ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Oviedo

     Universidad de Oviedo

     Oviedo, España

     
• Localización: Historia y comunicación social, ISSN 1137-0734, Vol. 26, Nº 1, 2021, págs. 57-65
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5209/hics.75701
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Enforcement against newspaper comic strips in United States (1890-1945)
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Las tiras cómicas llegaron a ser muy populares desde finales del siglo XIX, convirtiéndose en una de las principales secciones de los periódicos, habida cuenta de contar diariamente con millones de lectores. Sin embargo, bibliotecarios, intelectuales y líderes morales dieron comienzo a una campaña contra esa forma de expresión artística, cuestionando tanto su forma como su contenido. En el fondo de tal crítica subyacía un punto de vista elitista, renuente a aceptar un nuevo medio de comunicación. Los periódicos trataron de oponerse a esta campaña, ya que obtenían pingües beneficios de las tiras cómicas, pero algunos finalmente aceptaron las críticas y eliminaron sus tiras a fin de proporcionar una mejor imagen de su contenido

  • English

    Comic strips became very popular since the end of the 19th century and they were regarded as one of the main newspaper’s sections, being daily read by millions of consumers. However, librarians, intellectuals and moral leaders begun a campaign against such a form of artistic expression criticizing both its form and its content. Behind this criticism was an elitist point of view reluctant to accept the new media. Newspapers tried to oppose this campaign, as they obtained great profits from comic strips, but some of them finally accepted the criticism and purged their strips to get a more reliable image.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Anónimo (1906), "A Growl for the Unpicturesque". En: Athlantic Monthly, vol. 98, pp. 140-143.
  • Anónimo (1909). "The Supplement Again". En: The Outlook, nº. 92, pp. 532-533.
  • Anónimo (1909b). "A crime against american children". En: Ladies’ Home Journal, vol. 26, nº 2, p. 5.
  • Anónimo (1909c), "The Comic Nuisance". En: Outlook, vol. 91 (6-03-1909), pp. 527-529.
  • Anónimo (1911). "The Comic Supplement". En: The Outlook, vol. 97, p. 802.
  • Anónimo (1911b). "Make «Comics» Educational". En: Survey, nº 26, p. 103.
  • Anónimo (1911c). "A real comic supplement”. En: The Outlook, vol. 99, p. 1039.
  • Anónimo (1915). "Beauty or Ugliness?". En: Art and Progress, vol. 7, nº 1, pp. 34-35.
  • Anónimo (1920). "A cartoonist criticizes our cartoonists". En: Current Opinion, vol. 68, p. 8.
  • Bergengren, R. (1906). "The Humor of the Colored Supplement". En: The Atlantic Monthly, vol. 98, nº 2, pp. 269-273.
  • Block, R. (1908). "Sounding the Doom of the «Comics»". En: Current Literature, nº 45. p. 632.
  • Broun, H. (1939). "A Cheer for the Comic Strips". En: Winnipeg Free Press (22-06-1939), p. 17.
  • Browning, F. (1934). "Scarpbook Meditations". En: Burlington Daily Times News (19-11-1934), p. 5.
  • Darnall, M. B.(1931)"Sidelights". En: Key West Citizen (20-04-1931), p. 2.
  • Ellis, W. T. (1935). "Diggers in Bible lands confirm Scripture Story". En: Corsicana Daily Sun (27-04-1935), p. 5
  • Fenton, F. (1911). The Influence of Newspaper Presentations Upon the Growth of Crime and Other Anti-Social Activity. Chicago: University of...
  • Fernández Sarasola, I. (2018). "Límites a la libertad de expresión en Estados Unidos. La lucha contra las «publicaciones inmorales» (siglos...
  • Fernández Sarasola, I. (2019). El pueblo contra los cómics. Historia de las campañas anticómic (de Norteamérica a Europa. Sevilla: Asociación...
  • Goulart, R. (2005). The Adventurous Decade. Comis Strips in the Thirties. Pennsylvania: Hermes Press.
  • Gordon, I. (2002).Comic Strips and Consumer Culture, 1890-1945. New York: Smithsonian.
  • Hand, B. L. (1933). A study of the influence. The comic strips. Winsconsin: University of Winsconsin, Winsconsin.
  • Highfill, R. D. (1926) "The Effects of News of Crime and Scandal upon Public Opinion". En: Journal of the American Institute of Criminal...
  • Hill, g. E ; Trent, M. E. (1940) "Children's Interests in Comic Strips". En: The Journal of Educational Research, vol. 34, nº...
  • Jones, W. D. (1911). "Letters to The Outlook: Comic Supplements Again". En: The Outlook, November 25, pp. 791.
  • Keck, M. B. (1935). "Training for Civic and Political Responsibilities". En: Junior-Senior High School Clearing House, vol. 9, nº...
  • Kenyon-Warner, E. E. (1911). "The Comic Supplement". En: The New York Times (5-03-1911), p. 128.
  • Leick, K. (2019). Parents, Media and Panic through the Years. Chicago: Palgrave.
  • Lowrie, S. D. (1928). "The Comic Strips". En: The Forum, nº 79, pp. 527-536.
  • Lumley, F. E. (1933). The propaganda menace. New York: The Century Co.
  • Mabie, H. W. (1915). "Vulgarizing American Children". En: The Outlook (19-05-1915), pp. 123-124.
  • Matthews, B. (1918). "American Comic Journalism". En: The Bookman, nº 48, pp. 282-287.
  • McCardell, R. L. (1905). "Opper, Outcault and Company. The Comic Supplement and the Men who Make It". En: Everybody’s Magazine, nº...
  • McCord, D. L. (1935). "The Social Rise of the Comics". En: The American Mercury, July 1935, pp. 360-364.
  • McIntyre, O. O. (1935). "New York Day by Day". En: Ogden Standard Examiner (29-11-1935), p. 6.
  • Meyer, E. L. (1931). “Making Light of the Times”. En: Capital News (1-10-1931), p. 20.
  • Misurell, E. (1938). "Comic strips found the best school books". En: Portsmouth Times (20-02-1938), p. 18.
  • Myers, G. C. (1927). "Educational Character Building Value of Newspaper Comics". En: San Antonio Light (2-01-1927), p. 68.
  • Myers, G. C. (1929). "Understand Your Child, Read Him The Funnies, Counsels Doctor Myers". En: New Castle News (1-11-1929), p. 24.
  • Myers, G. C. (1930). "Use comics to improve the reading". En: Oshkosh Daily Northwestern (12-07-1930), p. 8.
  • Patri, A. (1933). "Our Children". En: Oakland Tribune (6-11-1933), p. 20.
  • Patri, A. (1933b)."Censorship Will Never Aid Youth, Expert Declares". En: Salt Lake Tribune (6-04-1933b), p. 15.
  • Pedrick, M. G. (1910). "The Sunday Comic Supplement". En: Good Housekeeping, May 1910, pp. 625-627.
  • Pennell, E. R. (1920). "Our Tragic Comics". En: The North American Review, nº 771, pp. 248-258.
  • Robinson, E. (1923). "Listen, World". En: Oakland Tribune (17-02-1923), p. 6.
  • Rogers, J. E. (1909). American newspapers. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
  • Runyon, D. (1938). "The Brighter Side". En: Indiana Evening Gazette (14-07-1938), p. 1.
  • Seldes, G. (2001). The Seven Lively Arts. The Classic Apparisal of the Popular Arts. New York: Dover Publications, (primera edición: 1924;...
  • Starker, S. (1991). Evil Influences. Crusades against the Mass Media. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
  • Stearns, L. E. (1908), "The Problem of the Comic Supplement". En: Wisconsins Library Bulletin, vol. 4 (december 1908), pp. 102-103.
  • Stearns, P. N. (2004). Anxious Parents: A History of Modern Child-Rearing in America. New York: New York University Press.
  • Stote, A. (1910). "Some figures in the new humor". En: The Bookman, nº 31, pp. 286-292.
  • Summers, M. (1908). "Comic Supplements. Not Properly a Part of the Literature of Childhood". En: The New York Times (14-09-1908),...
  • Tewinkel, J. M. (1927). "Smiles Aid To Spelling". En: Sandusky Register (13-02-1927), p. 15.
  • Thomson, M. K. (1929). "Why We Enjoy the Comics". En: Akron Register Tribune (1-08-1929), p. 6.
  • Tourison, E. (1927). "The Newspaper of Today". En: The English Journal, vol. 16, nº 3, pp. 192-199.
  • Tucker, G. (1936). "Man about Manhattan". En: Miami Daily News Record (11-10-1936), p. 10.
  • Tysell, H. T. (1934). "Character Names in the Comic Strips". En: American Speech, vol. 9, nº 2, pp. 158-160.
  • Tysell, H. T. (1935). "The English of the Comic Cartoons". En: American Speech, vol. 10, nº 1, pp. 43-55.
  • Waugh, C. (1947). The Comics. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
  • Weitenkampf, F. (1925). "The inwardness of the comic strip”. En: The Bookman, nº 61, pp. 574-577.
  • Wilson, M. (1923). "Are Newspaper Comic Pictures «Low-Brow Stuff»?". En: San Antonio Express (18-02-1923), p. 18.
  • Wood, H. E. (1933). A History and Analysis of the American Comic Strips. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin.