Aportes al estudio de la diversifi cación productiva en el contexto de economías en desarrollo: un análisis de los factores asociados al vínculo entre productos

• Lucía Mercedes Mauro ^[1] ; Anabel Marín ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata
  2. [2] Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
• Localización: Desarrollo económico, ISSN 0046-001X, Vol. 60, Nº. 231, 2020, págs. 204-227
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • A contribution to the study of production diversification in the context developing economies: analyzing factors associated with product relatedness
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Los países crecen diversifi cando la canasta de productos que fabrican y exportan, al menos en los primeros estadios del desarrollo. Dicha diversifi cación tiende a ocurrir en productos cercanos a los existentes, tanto a nivel agregado como a nivel fi rma. Sin embargo, para las economías menos desarrolladas, son importantes los “saltos largos” entre productos menos relacionados, que les permitan modifi car su estructura productiva más radicalmente y desarrollarse. En este trabajo aportamos al estudio de la diversifi cación en países en desarrollo, analizando factores asociados a la cercanía y lejanía entre productos. Distinguimos entre factores vinculados a cuestiones productivas y otros. Trabajamos con una base de datos única y novedosa sobre diversifi cación a nivel fi rma relevada en el Partido de General Pueyrredón en 2013-2014. Nuestros resultados indican que la diversifi cación en productos lejanos se asocia mayormente a factores no productivos, mientras que la diversifi cación en productos más cercanos se asocia a características productivas de los bienes. En todos los casos el reconocimiento y la identidad de marca, y las habilidades de la empresa para desenvolverse en entornos institucionales particulares son relevantes.

  • English

    Countries grow by expanding the products they produce and export, at least in the early stages of development. Such diversifi cation tends to occur in new products related to the existing ones, both at the aggregate and at fi rm level. However, for developing economies, ‘long jumps’ between less related activities to unrelated activities are important, allowing them to change more radically their productive structure and develop. In this paper we contribute to the study of diversifi cation in developing countries, analyzing factors associated with relatedness. We distinguish between productive and non-productive factors. We use a unique and novel database about diversifi cation at fi rm level surveyed at General Pueyrredón Party in 2013/2014. Our results indicate that diversifi cation in distant products is mostly associated with non-productive factors, while diversifi cation in closed products is associated with productive characteristics of goods. In all cases, brand recognition and skills to operate in the institutional environment are also relevant for diversifi cation.

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