This paper analyses the strategic objectives of the Spanish policies and laws for the protection of chil-dren. Besides, it will be considered the same policies and laws in oneof its most prosperous Autono-mous Communities, Catalonia. Specifically, it shows the influence of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the role of the European Union in these policies in the social, educational and health fields. Finally, the challenges that Spain must face in relation to the protection of children's rights are analysed in the light of the observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child in its Report of March 5, 2018.