El avance electoral de la extrema derecha en el siglo XXI y sus efectos en los sistemas de partidos europeos

• Manuel Sánchez de Dios ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
• Localización: Política y sociedad, ISSN-e 1988-3129, ISSN 1130-8001, Vol. 57, Nº 3, 2020 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Monográfico: el avance de la extrema derecha en América Latina y Europa), págs. 747-768
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5209/poso.69208
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The electoral advancement of far right in the XXI century and its effects on European party systems
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    A partir del clásico análisis del formato de los sistemas de partidos, en el artículo se estudia la evolución del apoyo electoral de los partidos de extrema derecha de Europa occidental y sus efectos sobre la fragmentación de cada sistema, así como las consecuencias que la volatilidad electoral tiene sobre el realineamiento de los votantes. También se considera la polarización de los partidos analizado las issues más relevantes en sus programas de acuerdo con los datos del Manifesto Project. Se concluye que no hay una pauta homogénea en el desarrollo de los partidos de extrema derecha europeos en el siglo XXI, si bien se ha incrementado el pluralismo en general y la competición en el eje izquierda/derecha; que en la mayor parte de los casos ha habido un realineamiento del electorado de tipo secular; que en algunos casos hay una elevada fragmentación y polarización sin que esto sea relevante para la gobernabilidad de los países y, por último, que hay una tendencia general de confluencia estratégica de estos partidos en la moderación programática con el objeto de ampliar la base electoral.

     

  • English

    Based on the classic analysis of the of party system format, the article studies the evolution of electoral support for far right parties in Western Europe and its effects on the fragmentation of each system, as well as the consequences that electoral volatility has on voter realignment. By analyzing the most relevant issues in their programs according to data from the Manifesto Project, one evaluates the polarization of the parties. It is concluded that there is not an homogeneous pattern in the development of the European radical right parties in the 21st century, though pluralism and competition on the left / right axis have increased in general. In most cases, there has been a secular-type realignment of the electorate. In some cases, there is a high degree of fragmentation and polarization without this being relevant for the governability of the countries. Finally, there is a general trend of strategic confluence of these parties in programmatic moderation in order to broaden the electoral base.

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