The changing significance of Latin American silver in the Chinese economy, 16th–19th centuries

• Richard von Glahn ^[1]
  1. [1] University of California System

     University of California System

     Estados Unidos

     
• Localización: Revista de Historia Económica = Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, ISSN 0212-6109, Año nº 38, Nº 3, 2020 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Creating global demand during the Early Modern Era), págs. 553-585
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/S0212610919000193
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    El importante papel de la demanda china de plata para estimular la extracción de plata en todo el mundo y dar forma al primer sistema de comercio verdaderamente global se ha reconocido comúnmente por los investigadores de la historia mundial. El dinamismo comercial de China durante los siglos XVI-XIX estuvo relacionado integralmente con la importación de plata extranjera, inicialmente de Japón pero principalmente de América Latina. Sin embargo, la importancia de las importaciones de plata latinoamericana para la economía china cambió sustancialmente a lo largo de estos tres siglos en combinación con los ritmos de la economía doméstica de China y con el sistema de comercio mundial. Este artículo rastrea estos cambios, incluida la adopción de una nueva moneda estándar de cuenta, el yuan, derivada del peso de plata español.

  • English

    The important role of Chinese demand for silver in stimulating worldwide silver-mining and shaping the first truly global trading system has become commonly recognised in the world history scholarship. The commercial dynamism of China during the 16th-19th centuries was integrally related to the importation of foreign silver, initially from Japan but principally from Latin America. Yet the significance of imports of Latin American silver for the Chinese economy changed substantially over these three centuries in tandem with the rhythms of China’s domestic economy as well as the global trading system. This article traces these changes, including the adoption of a new standard money of account— the yuan—derived from the Spanish silver peso coin.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • ABREU, A. ALVAREZ DE. (1736): «Commerce of The Philippines with Nueva España, 1640– 1736», Translated in E. H. Blair, and J. A. Robertson...
  • ATWELL, W. S. (1982): «International Bullion Flows and the Chinese Economy circa 1530–1650». Past and Present 95, pp. 68–90.
  • ATWELL, W. S. (1986): «Some Observations on the ‘Seventeenth-Century Crisis’ in China and Japan». Journal of Asian Studies 45 (2), pp. 223–244.
  • ATWELL, W. S. (2005): «Another Look at Silver Imports into China, ca. 1635–1644». Journal of World History 16 (4), pp. 467–489.
  • BJORK, K. (1998): «The Link that Kept the Philippines Spanish: Mexican Merchant Interests and the Manila Trade». Journal of World History...
  • BOXER, C. R. (1967): The Christian Century in Japan, 1549–1650. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • CAO, S. (2000): Zhongguo renkou shi [Population History of China], vol. 4, Ming shiqi [Ming-Qing Era]. Shanghai: Fudan daxue chubanshe.
  • CHAUNU, P. (1960): Les Philippines et le pacifique des ibériques (XVIe, XVIIe, XVIIIe siècles). Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N.
  • CHAUNU, P. (1962): «Manille et Macao, face à la conjuncture des XVIe et XVIIe siècles». Annales: Économies, sociétés, civilisations 17 (3),...
  • CHAUNU, P., and CHAUNU, H. (1953): «Économie atlantique, économie mondiale». Cahiers d’histoire mondiale 1, pp. 91–104.
  • COATSWORTH, J. H. (1986): «The Mexican Mining Industry in the Eighteenth Century», in N. Jacobsen, and H.-J. Puhle (eds), The Economies of...
  • DERMIGNY, L. (1964): La Chine et l’occident: le commerce à Canton au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: S.EV.P.E.N.
  • FLYNN, D. O., and GIRÁLDEZ, A. (1995): «Born with a ‘Silver Spoon’: World Trade’s Origins in 1571». Journal of World History 6 (2), pp. 201–222.
  • FLYNN, D. O., and GIRÁLDEZ, A. (2002): «Cycles of Silver: Global Economic Unity through the Mid-Eighteenth Century». Journal of World History...
  • FRANK, A. G. (1998): Reorient: Global Economy in the Asian Age. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • GARNER, R. L. (1988): «Long-Term Silver Mining Trends in Spanish America: A Comparative Analysis of Peru and Mexico». American Historical...
  • GREENBERG, M. (1951): British Trade and the Opening of China, 1800–1842. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HAKLUYT, R. (ed.) (1903–1905): The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, & Discoveries of the English Nation. Glasgow: James MacLehose...
  • HAO, Y. (1986): The Commercial Revolution in Nineteenth-Century China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • HE, Q. (1641): Jingshan quanji [Complete Works of He Qiaoyuan]. N.p.: n.d. IRIGOIN, A. (2009): «The End of a Silver Era: The Consequences...
  • KISHIMOTO, M. (1997): Shindai Chūgoku no bukka to keizai hendō[Prices and Economic Fluctuations in Qing Dynasty China]. Tokyo: Kembun shuppan.
  • KISHIMOTO, M. (2019): «19 seiki zenpan ni okeru gaikokugin to Chūgoku kokunai keizai» [Foreign Silver and China’s Domestic Economy in the...
  • KURODA, A. (1987): «Kenryūno senki» [Appreciation of Bronze Coin during the Reign of Emperor Qianlong]. Tōyōshi kenkyū45 (5), pp. 692–723.
  • KURODA, A. (2003): Kahei shisutemu no sekaishi: «Hitaishōsei» o yomu [A Global History of Monetary Systems: Rethinking «Asymmetry»]. Tokyo:...
  • KURODA, A. (2008): «Concurrent but Non-Integrable Currency Circuits: Complementary Relationships among Monies in Modern China and Other Regions»....
  • LI, L. (2005): Wan Ming haiwai maoyi shuliangde yanjiu: jian lun Jiangnan sichou chanye yu baiyin liurude yingxiang [A Quantitative Analysis...
  • LIANG, F. (1939): «Mingdai guoji maoyi yu yinde shuchuru» [Ming International Trade and Silver Imports and Exports], Rpt. in F. Liang (ed.),...
  • LIN, M. (1990): «Ming Qingde chaodai weiji yu shijie jingji xiaotiao—shijiu shijide jingyan» [Dynastic Crisis in Ming-Qing China and Global...
  • LIN, M. (2006): China Upside Down: Currency, Society, and Ideologies, 1808–1856. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center.
  • MOMOSE, H. (1935): «Shindai ni okeru Suppein doru no ryūtsū» [Circulation of Spanish Silver Dollars in Qing China], Rpt. in H. Momose (ed),...
  • MOULDER, F. V. (1977): Japan, China, and the Modern World Economy: Toward a Reinterpretation of East Asian Development ca. 1600 to ca. 1918....
  • PENG, X. (1965): Zhongguo huobi shi [The Monetary History of China], 2nd ed. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe.
  • PERALTA, R. O. (1998): «Las Casas de moneda provinciales en México en el siglo XIX», in J. A. Bátiz Vazquez, and J. E. Covarrubias (eds),...
  • POSTLETHWAYT, M. (1751): The Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce, Translated from the French of the Celebrated Monsieur Savary. London:...
  • RUIZ STOVEL, G. (2019): «Chinese Shipping and Merchant Networks at the Edge of the Spanish Pacific: The Minnan-Manila Trade, 1680–1840». University...
  • SCHELL, W. (1996): «Money as Commodity: Mexico’s Conversion to the Gold Standard, 1905». Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 12 (1), pp. 67–89.
  • SCHELL, W. (2001): «Silver Symbiosis: Reorienting Mexican Economic History». Hispanic American Historical Review 81 (1), pp. 89–131.
  • SCHURZ, W. L. (1959): The Manila Galleon. Rpt. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co.
  • SHIUE, C. H., and KELLER, W. (2007): «Markets in China and Europe on the Eve of the Industrial Revolution». American Economic Review 97 (4),...
  • SMITH, A. (1937): An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. New York: Modern Library.
  • Songjiangfu xuzhi [Gazetteer of Songjiang Prefecture, Revised Edition]. (1889)
  • TANG, J. (2016): «Interest Rates and Financial Market Integration—A Long-Run Perspective on China». London School of Economics, PhD dissertation.
  • VILAR, P. (1976): A History of Gold and Money, 1450–1920. London: Verso.
  • VOGEL, H. U. (1987): «Chinese Central Monetary Policy, 1644–1800». Late Imperial China 8 (1), pp. 1–52.
  • VOGEL, H. U. (n.d.): «Chinese Central Monetary Policy and Yunnan Copper Mining, 1644 1800», Unpub. ms.
  • VON GLAHN, R. (1996): Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000– 1700. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • VON GLAHN, R. (2003): «Money-Use in China and Changing Patterns of Global Trade in Monetary Metals, 1500–1800», in D. Flynn, A. Giraldez,...
  • VON GLAHN, R. (2007): «Foreign Silver Coin in the Market Culture of Nineteenth Century China». International Journal of Asian Studies 4 (2),...
  • VON GLAHN, R. (2013): «Cycles of Silver in Chinese Monetary History», in B. K. L. So (ed.), The Economy of Lower Yangzi Delta in Late Imperial...
  • VON GLAHN, R. (2016): The Economic History of China from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • VON GLAHN, R. (2018): «Economic Depression and the Silver Question in Nineteenth Century China», in M. Pérez García, and L. Sousa de Rocha...
  • VON GLAHN, R. (2019): «The Maritime Trading World of East Asia From the Thirteenth to the Seventeenth Centuries», in T. H. Bentley (ed.),...
  • WAKEMAN, F. (1986): «China and the Seventeenth Century Crisis». Late Imperial China 7(1), pp. 1–26.
  • WU, Z. (1822):Shanggubianlan [Baedeker forMerchants]. Rpt ed.Hangzhou:Tongwentang. YAMAMURA, K., and KAMIKI, T. (1983): «Silver Mines and...
  • YUSTE LÓPEZ, C. (2007): Emporios transpacificos: comerciantes mexicanos en Manila, 1780–1815. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de...
  • ZHAO, G. (2013): The Qing Opening to the Ocean: Chinese Maritime Policies, 1684–1757. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
  • ZHENG, G. (1844): Yibanlu zashu (Miscellany of Marginalia). N.d.: n.p. ZHANG, G. (1995): «16–18 shiji baiyin liuru Zhongguo shuliang gusuan»...
  • ZHANG, N. (2003): «Moxige yinyuan zai Zhongguode liutong» [The Circulation of the Mexican Dollar in China]. Zhongguo qianbi 2003 (4), pp....