Estrés ocupacional y patrón A de comportamiento como predictores de insatisfacción laboral y del estado de salud en personal de enfermería de hospital

• Abilio Reig Ferrer ^[1] ; Agustín Caruana Vañó
  1. [1] Universitat d'Alacant

     Universitat d'Alacant

     Alicante, España

     
• Localización: Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones = Journal of work and organizational psychology, ISSN 1576-5962, Vol. 5, Nº 14, 1989, págs. 147-162
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    En este trabajo hemos, estudiado diversas fuentes de estrés ocupacional y el patrón A de comportamiento en relación a una escala de insatisfacción laboral y a la percepción del propio estado de salud. Hemos enviado un cuestionario a una muestra seleccionada al azar de personal de enfermería que trabaja en los hospitales del Servicio Valenciano de Salud en la provincia de Alicante. El cuestionario incorpora varias secciones que recogen información sobre estresores laborales, insatisfacción laboral, patrón A de comportamiento, percepción del estado de salud, y comportamientos de fumar y beber alcohol, junto con datos sociodemográficos. El personal de enfermería del estudio se considera, en general, satisfecho con su trabajo (64.5%) y valora su estado de salud como bueno (74.2%). El análisis de regresión múltiple paso a ,paso ha identificado 8 estresores laborales ('el sistema de turnos', ',mis relaciones con los médicos', 'no poder elegir a los compañeros de trabajo' 'que no se valore ni reconozca mi esfuerzo por hacer bien mi trabajo', 'fluctuaciones en la cantidad de trabajo", 1a desorganización del hospital', 'los pacientes desobedientes', y 'tratar con gente agresiva') que han resultado predictores de altos niveles de insatisfacción, apareciendo además que trabajar en turno rotatorio, junto con otras 5 situaciones de estrés ('tratar con gente pasiva', 'los médicos más preocupados por el dinero y prestigio que por los pacientes', 'que los demás pierdan el tiempo', 'los pacientes que cuestionan mi preparación competencia o profesionalidad', y 'material e instrumentos de mala calidad') resultaron predictores negativos. La puntuación global en insatisfacción y dos características del patrón A de comportamiento ('siempre tengo sensación de prisa o urgencia' y 'me interesan pocas cosas a parte de mi trabajo y hogar') aparecen como predictores de informes más negativos en la autovaloración del estado de salud.

  • English

    The purpose of this study was to indetify different sources of job stress and characteristics of Type A behavior pattern, associated with high levels of job dissatisfaction and negative self-perception of health status. The package of questionnaires was sent to a random sample of nurses working in hospitals. Data were collected from each nurse on his or her degree of job dissatisfaction, job stress, type A behavior pattern, perception of health status, smoking and alcohol consumption. Nurses both report job satisfaction (64.5%) and a positive opinion about their own health status (74.2(7(,). Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the relation among variables. Eight job stressors were predictive of high levels of job dissatisfaction ('shift work system', 'relationship with doctors', 'I don't get feedback when my performance is satisfactory', 'hospital desorganization', 'disobedient patients', 'dealing with aggressive people', 'fluctuations in work load', and 'I can't select the others I must Work with'). Rotatory shift work together with another 5 job stressors were found as negative predictors. Overall score on Job dissatisfaction questionnaire joined with two type A characteristics ('always feel rushed', 'few interests out of work/home') were predictive of worse report on their health status.

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