Desigualdad y crecimiento económico: un análisis dinámico

• Juan Gabriel Brida ^[1] ; Verónica Segarra ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de la República

     Universidad de la República

     Uruguay

     
• Localización: Revista de economía mundial, ISSN 1576-0162, Nº 52, 2019, págs. 89-118
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.33776/rem.v0i52.3917
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Inequality and Economic Growth: A Dynamic Analysis
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Este estudio explora la relación entre desigualdad y crecimiento económico, utilizando mediciones anuales del Índice de Gini y tasa de crecimiento del producto per cápita para 38 países entre los años 1980 y 2010. Utilizando una metodología de análisis de clústeres, basada en el estudio de la dinámica de regímenes y la introducción de secuencias simbólicas se segmenta la muestra en grupos de países con similar desempeño con respecto a las variables bajo análisis. Durante el periodo considerado se obtienen dos grupos de países: un grupo de alta desigualdad y medio-alto crecimiento económico, y un segundo grupo de baja desigualdad y crecimiento. Adicionalmente, considerando la relación entre crecimiento económico y desigualdad de ingreso en un contexto de datos de panel se especifica un modelo para cada grupo, mostrando que la relación entre las variables depende de las dinámicas de los países. En particular el trabajo muestra que en los países con mayores ingresos per cápita se observa una relación positiva entre desigualdad y crecimiento económico, mientras que para las economías emergentes la relación depende del modelo considerado.

  • English

    This study explores the relationship between inequality and economic growth, using annual measurements of the Gini Index and per capita GDP growth rate for 38 countries during the period 1980 - 2010. The study introduces a cluster analysis based the concept of dynamical regimes and the introduction of symbolic sequences to segment the sample into homogeneous groups of countries with similar performance with respect to the variables under analysis.

    During the considered period, two groups of countries are obtained: a group of high inequality and medium-high economic growth, and a second group of low inequality and low growth. Additionally, considering the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in a panel data context, a model is specified for each group, showing that the relationship between the variables depends on the dynamics of the countries. In particular, the study shows that in countries with higher per capita income there is a positive relationship between inequality and economic growth, while for emerging economies the relationship depends on the considered model.

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