Sufragio y proporcionalidad:: Un análisis crítico de la jurisprudencia sobre la privación del derecho a sufragio

• Pablo Marshall ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Austral de Chile

     Universidad Austral de Chile

     Valdivia, Chile

     
• Localización: Estudios constitucionales: Revista del Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, ISSN 0718-0195, ISSN-e 0718-5200, Año 17, Nº 1, 2019, págs. 265-320
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.4067/s0718-52002019000100265
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Suffrage and proportionality:: Critical analysis of the judicial trend on prisoners disenfranchisement
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Este trabajo da una nueva mirada a una serie de sentencias que en la esfera del derecho anglosajón han considerado que la privación del derecho a sufragio es contraria a la constitución o a los derechos humanos establecidos en tratados internacionales, abordando críticamente sus implicancias para el objetivo de la inclusión electoral de los privados de libertad. Esta conclusión se debe a la observación de que incluso reconociendo que los fallos redujeron el campo de aplicación de aquellos sujetos afectados por la privación del derecho a sufragio, estos pudieron haber contribuido de igual manera a la normalización de la exclusión política de aquellos sujetos que han cometido delitos considerados como graves. A consecuencia de ese diagnóstico crítico, formula un cuestionamiento al uso del test de proporcionalidad en los casos de privación del derecho a sufragio, debido al impacto en su uso de la deferencia hacia el legislador, el gobierno y la administración, y debido a que lo que está en juego es la titularidad del derecho a sufragio, que es una cuestión respecto a la cual existen buenas razones para apelar a un método jurídico que brinde una protección más robusta a tal derecho, que permita hacer la distinción entre la cuestión de la elegibilidad para votar y las demás regulaciones del sufragio.

  • English

    This work look at a series of judgments of Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions that have considered that prisoners disenfranchisement is contrary to the constitution or the human rights entrenched by international treaties. It critically addresses its implications for the aim of electoral inclusion of prisoners due to the observation that even recognizing that the judgments reduced the field of application of disenfranchisement, they could have contributed in the same way to the normalization of the political exclusion of those subjects who have committed serious crimes. As a result of this critical diagnosis, the paper questions the use of the proportionality test in cases of disenfranchisement, because of the impact that it has in practice the deference towards parliaments, government and administration, and because what is at stake is voting eligibility, which is a matter for which there are good reasons to appeal to a legal method that provides a more robust protection to such a right; one that allows to distinguish between the issue of eligibility and other regulations affecting the right to vote.

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