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The province of Benevento represents an interesting case study to describe the social and political dynamics that ruled the passage from the fascist regime to republican democracy. After the fall of Fascism, in the province of Benevento, like in many realities of Southern Italy, politicians of the liberal Italy, more or less inactive during the regime, returned on the scene; the traditional political mechanisms, based on personal positions and patronage, rather than on ideological beliefs, prevailed clearly. However, the situation was not completely immobile and, although gradually, new mechanisms replaced the previous ones. The social and political dynamics of the province were similar to those of Southern Italy; the peculiarity of Benevento’s case can be found in the stronger persistence of old elites and old dynamics. The mechanisms based on personality and patronage proved to be a «long duration prison», from which exiting was impossible, but that was somewhat reformed. The article reconstructs the transition to republican democracy on the basis of sources of the Central Archives of the State, of the Allied military government and of the press of that time
