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This paper conducts a critical policy analysis of doctoral education reforms in Kazakhstan from historical and contextual perspective. The main emphasis is to explain how the country made a drastic educational policy shift from the Soviet framework of research towards the Bologna-inspired standards. While policy-makers are busy adopting the principles of Bologna Process to local universities, doctoral students and young researchers are facing different challenges in this regard. Besides the structural and procedural difficulties associated with the application of Bologna Process in the country, a major challenge is presented as a dichotomy between supporters of the Soviet legacy and adherents of modern European standards. The contrariety involves the issues of quality, accountability, and transparency. Given the variety of pitfalls existing in the application of Bologna Process in Kazakhstan, this paper concludes with a set of policy recommendations for advancing the level of doctoral education in accordance with the Bologna-inspired rhetoric
