Acceso usuarios
This paper discusses the processes of language development, revitalisation and intellectualisation against the background of foreign rule and state (re-) formation. The imposition of superstate languages (Polish, German and Russian) had repeatedly led to the relegation of Lithuanian to semi-public and private settings. Whilst some areas of language use consequently became restricted, functionality was retained in education and in literature. Upon the restoration of independence in 1990, when Lithuanian regained its official status, it resumed its functionality in all domains. Since then, language planning has officially been put in place for its continued normalisation and intellectualisation in some academic disciplines. Whilst educational policies ensure the propagation of Lithuanian amongst the minority communities, elaboration programmes are needed to reinforce communicative ability, lexical differentiation, precise conceptualisation and active reflexion on language use amongst the overall population.
