Re-conceptualizing the International System: The Need for nsa Inclusion in the International Human Rights Regime

• BALDA ASPIAZU, Andrea ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Casa Grande

     Universidad Casa Grande

     Guayaquil, Ecuador

     
• Localización: Ars Iuris Salmanticensis: AIS : revista europea e iberoamericana de pensamiento y análisis de derecho, ciencia política y criminología, ISSN-e 2340-5155, Vol. 5, Nº. 1, 2017, págs. 129-161
• Idioma: inglés
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Reconceptuar el Sistema Internacional: La Necesidad de agencia nacional de seguridad Inclusión en el Régimen de Derechos humanos Internacional
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    El papel creciente de actores no gubernamentales en un sistema internacional que fue creado para dar principalmente con el estado y no a entidades ha permitido a estos actores la libertad considerable de la responsabilidad de sus acciones, sobre todo en el reino de derechos humanos. Tanto la teoría de Relaciones Internacional como el Derecho Internacional tienen que dar en una manera interdisciplinaria para cerrar esta escapatoria para al menos ofrecer un incentivo para actores no gubernamentales para evitar remotas violaciones de derechos humanos y la ley humanitaria en el futuro.

  • English

    The growing role of nonstate actors in an international system that was created to deal mainly with state and not entities has allowed these actors considerable freedom from the accountability of their actions, especially in the realm of human rights. Both International Relations theory and International Law need to deal in an interdisciplinary manner to close this loophole in order to at least offer an incentive for nonstate actors to avoid further violations of human rights and humanitarian law in the future.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Afilalo, A. 2006: «Losing control (yet again): the globalization of the alien tort statute». Rutgers Law Journal, 2006, 37: 847-853.
  • Alston, P. 2005: Non-state actors and human rights. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Amnesty International 2012: A preliminary survey of legislation around the world - 2012 update. London, England: Amnesty International Publications.
  • Arts, B. 2005: Nonstate actors in global governance: three faces of power. Bonn, Germany: Max Plank Project Group on Common Goods.
  • Brown, S. 1995: New forces, old forces and the future of world politics. New York, USA: Harper Collins College Publisher.
  • Brownlie, I. 2003: Principles of public international law. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Casebeer, W.; Kiser, S. and Thomas, T. 2005: Warlords rising. Confronting violent nonstate actors. Maryland, USA: Lexington Books.
  • Chinkin, C. 1998: «International Law and Human Rights». In T. Evans: Human rights fifty years on: a reappraisal Manchester. England: Manchester...
  • Clapham, A. 2006: Human rights obligations for nonstate actors. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Clapham, A. 2014: «Rethinking the role of nonstate actors in international law» in United Nations Visual Library of International Law recovered...
  • Corbin, J. and Strauss, A. 2011: The basics of qualitative research. Washington d.c., USA: Sage Publications Inc.
  • D’Aspremont, J. 2011: «Nonstate actors in international law: oscillating between concepts and dynamics». ACIL research paper n.º 2011-05 available...
  • Díez de Velasco, F. 2015: Instituciones del Derecho Internacional Público. Madrid, Spain: Tecnos.
  • El Mundo. 2014: «El pp saca adelante en solitario la reforma que restringe la justicia universal», recovered at: http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2014/02/11/52fa891822601dac018b4595.html.
  • Feder, M. 2013: «Commentary: Why the court unanimously jettisoned thirty years of lower courts precedent (and what that can tell us about...
  • Finney, P. 2010: Remembering the road to World War Two: international history, international identity, collective memory. London, England:...
  • Fortna, V. and Martin, L. 2009: «Peacekeepers as signals: the demand for international peacekeeping». In wars H. Milner and A. Moracsvik:...
  • Gaja, G. 2003: Reports of the Special Rapporteur of the ILC on the responsibility of international organizations Docs a/cn.4/532.
  • Geeraerts, G. 1995: Analyzing non-state actors in world politics. Vrije Uniersiteit Brussels POLE Paper Series vol. 4, n.º 1 retrieved from...
  • Grieco, J. and Ikenberry, J. 2002: State power and international markets. The international political economy. New York, USA: ww Norton &...
  • Higgins, R. 1994: Problems and process: international law and how we use it. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press.
  • Hocking, B. and Smith, M. 1990: World Politics. New York, USA: Harvester and Wheatsheaf.
  • Horton, S. 2012: «All the missing souls: six questions for David Scheffer». Harpers Magazine recovered at: http://harpers.org/blog/.
  • Human Rights Watch. 2013: World Report 2013 recovered at http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/essays/112459.
  • Huntington, S. 1993: «Clash of civilizations». Foreign Affairs, 1993, 72.3: 22-49.
  • Jacobson, H. 1984: Networks of interdependence: international organizations and the global political system. New York, USA: Knopf.
  • Josselin, D. and Wallace, W. 2001: Nonstate actors in world politics. New York, USA: Palgrave.
  • Kay, S. 2004: «Globalization, power and security». Security Dialogue, 2004, 35.1: 9-25.
  • Kennedy, J. F. 1963 June: Commencement Speech American University. Washington D.C. USA.
  • Kennedy, P.; Messner, D. and Neuscheler, F. 2001: Global trends and global governance. London, England: Pluto Press.
  • Keohane, R. and Nye, J. 1971: «Transnational relations and world politics. An Introduction». International Organization, 1971, vol. 25, n.º...
  • Keohane, R. and Nye, J. 1973: «Power and Interdependence». Survival, 1973, vol. 15, n.º 4: 158-165 (July, 1973).
  • Keohane, R. and Nye, J. 2011: Power and interdependence. New York, USA: Pearson.
  • Klabbers, J. 2002: An introduction to international institutional law. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Krasner, S. 1999: Sovereignty: organized hypocrisy. New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Langer, M. 2011: «The diplomacy of universal jurisdiction: the political branches and the transnational prosecution of international crimes»....
  • LaPorte, T. 2012 April: «The legitimacy and effectiveness of nonstate actors and the public diplomacy concept». Paper presented at ISA Annual...
  • Lauterpacht, E. 1957: The life of Hersch Lauterpacht. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ley, I. 2009, June: Which role for theory in international law? Report on the workshop: Kelsen-Schmitt-Arendt: Constitutionalism in International...
  • Malanczuk, P. 2012: Akehurst’s modern introduction to international law. New York, USA: Routledge.
  • McCorquodale, R. 2009: «Nonstate actors and international human rights law». In S. Joseph and A. McBeth: Human Rights Law. Cheltenham, England:...
  • Miller 1994: Global order, values power and international politics. Boulder, USA: Westview Press.
  • Milner, H. and Moracsvik, A. 2009: Power, interdependence and nonstate actors. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Mingst, K. and Arreguin-Toft, I. 2010: Essentials of International Relations. New York, USA: ww Norton & Company.
  • Morgenthau, H. 1978: Politics among Nations. New York, USA: Knopf.
  • Morrin, D. 2000: «People before profits: Pursuing corporate accountability for labor rights violations abroad through the Alien Torts Claims...
  • Musila, G. 2010: «Armed non-state actors in international law: states and challenges of accountability». In A. Ikelegbe and W. Okumu: Militias,...
  • National Intelligence Council 2007: Nonstate actors impact on international relations and implications for the United States, Paper DR-2007-16D...
  • Nijman, J. 2010: Non-state actors and the international rule of law: revisiting the «realist theory» of international legal personality. Research...
  • Nye, J. 2008: Understanding international conflicts. New York, USA: Longman.
  • Phillipe, X. 2006: «The principles of universal jurisdiction and complementarity: how do the two principles intermesh?». International Review...
  • Portmann, R. 2013: Legal Personality in International Law. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Roberts, A. and Sivakumaran, S. 2012: «Lawmaking by nonstate actors: engaging armed groups in the creation of international humanitarian law»....
  • Rosini, M. 2014: As quoted by oupblog recovered from http://blog.oup.com/2014/08/what-is-the-future-of-international-law-esil2014/.
  • Rubenfeld, S. 2014: The Morning Risk Report: chocolatiers face child slavery liability Risk and Compliance Journal from the Wall Street Journal...
  • Ryngaert, C. 2009, March: «Imposing international duties on non-state actors and the legitimacy of international law». Working paper presented...
  • Schabas, W. 2002: «Punishment of non-state actors in non-international armed conflict». Fordham International Law Journal, 2002, 26.4: 907-1051.
  • Slawotsky, J. 2011: «Corporate liability in alien tort litigation». Virginia Journal of International Law, 2011, 1: 27-42
  • Stiglitz, J. 2002: Globalization and its discontents. New York, USA: ww Norton & Company.
  • Stone, R. 2009: «Institutions power and interdependence». In H. Milner and A. Moracsvik: Power, interdependence and nonstate actors. Princeton,...
  • Straumann, B. 2008: «The Peace of Westphalia as a secular constitution». Constellations, 2008, 15.2: 174-188.
  • Suri, J. 2003: «Nongovernmental organizations and non-state actors». In P. Finney: Palgrave Advances in International History. London, England:...
  • Teubner, G. 1997: Global law without a state. Brookfield, USA: Dartmouth Publishing Company.
  • Thomas, P. 2005: «The qualitative foundations of political science methodology i». Perspective on Politics, 2005, 3.4: 855-866.
  • TRIAL 2014: Universal jurisdiction recovered at: http://www.trial-ch.org/en/resources/international-law/universal-jurisdiction.html.
  • Van Schaack, B. 2013: Universal jurisdiction cases involving U.S. defendants recovered at http://justsecurity.org/4707/universal-jurisdiction-cases-involving-u-s-defendants/.
  • Walt, S. 1998: «One world, many theories». Foreign Policy, 1998, 110: 29-34 + 34-46.
  • Waltz, K. 1979: Theory of international politics. New York, USA: Random House.
  • Weiss, T. 2013: «The rise of nonstate actors in global governance: opportunities and limitations». Discussion paper for One Earth Future Discussions...
  • Williams, P. 1991: The alchemy of race and rights. Boston, USA: Harvard University Press.
  • Zakaria, F. 2012: The post American world. Release 2.0. New York, USA: w.w. Norton & Company.