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Globalization of the aquaculture industry raises important questions regarding the means to ensure a balance between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and access to resources. Advocates of IPRs endorse convergence towards implementing Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPs) agreement as a method for promoting innovation, while others support divergence from global standards in order to uphold access to resources. This study analyzes the impact of the convergence–divergence debate on IPRs and access to resources in India's shrimp aquaculture sector. The Indian shrimp sector is at a crucial juncture, moving towards greater globalization and integration with international markets, along with the introduction of new species, new technologies and an increasing role for foreign companies. India requires access to foreign-improved breeding material and technology, but must also create incentives for companies and institutions to invest in genetic material. In response to globalization, India's policy demonstrates both convergence and divergence with global standards. This paper outlines the policy options for India and points out that India's policy choices need not be restricted to one model, but can be based on innovative strategies to ensure a balance between IPRs and access over aquatic resources.
