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Yves Mény
NATIONAL DEBATE AND PERIPHERAL PROTESTS : SCHOOL REFERANDA IN THE UNITED STATES, by YVES MENY Because of the disfunctions of the national system, the instruments of local political life are serving increasingly to express considerations which go beyond the narrow territorial framework within which they appear to be confined. It may a priori seem surprising to choose school elections as a vehicle for protest in that politicking in theory has no part therein. This is true only formally ; in fact they afford a means of expression for the American malaise and a vehicle for popular dissatisfaction. However, these consultations, which tend increasingly to express a refusal, lose some of their possible impact because of very poor participation, and are only a subsidiary process in the national strategy of pressure groups. In a sense, instead of giving control back to the citizen, they increase the trend towards centralisation in that States are obliged to take the place of the local authorities so that the school system can function. [Revue française de science politique XXX (4), aout 1980, pp. 799-833.]
DÉBAT NATIONAL ET PROTESTATIONS PÉRIPHÉRIQUES : LES RÉFÉRENDUMS SCOLAIRES AUX ÉTATS-UNIS, par YVES MÉNY Etant donné le disfonctionnement du système national, les instruments de la vie politique locale servent de plus en plus à exprimer des préoccupations qui dépassent le cadre territorial étroit où elles semblent confinées. Le choix des élections scolaires comme lieu de protestation peut, a priori, sembler surprenant puisque la politique politicienne en est en principe exclue. Cela n'est vrai que formellement : en réalité, le malaise américain y trouve un mode d'expression, le mécontentement populaire s'y canalise. Mais ces consultations, exprimant de plus en plus souvent des refus qui perdent une partie de leur impact possible en raison d'une très faible participation, ne sont qu'un procédé subsidiaire dans la stratégie nationale des groupes de pression. En un sens, au lieu de redonner le contrôle aux citoyens, elles renforcent les tendances centralisatrices puisque les Etats sont dans l'obligation de se substituer aux autorités locales pour permettre à la machine scolaire de fonctionner. [Revue française de science politique XXX (4), août 1980. pp. 799-833.] NATIONAL DEBATE AND PERIPHERAL PROTESTS SCHOOL REFERANDA THE UNITED STATES YVES MENY Because of the disfunctions of the national system the instruments of local political life are serving increasingly to express considerations which go beyond the narrow territorial framework within which they appear to be confined It may priori seem surprising to choose school elections as vehicle for protest in that politicking in theory has no part therein This is true only formally ia fact they afford means of expression for the American malaise and vehicle for popular dissatisfaction However these consultations which tend increasingly to express refusal lose some of their possible impact because of very poor participation and are only subsidiary process in the national strategy of pressure groups In sense instead of giving control back to the citizen they increase the trend towards centralisation in that States are obliged to take the place of the local authorities so that the school system can function Revue fran aise de science politique XXX 4) août 1980 pp 799-833.
