Lower Placental Leptin Promoter Methylation in Association with Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Placental Nitrosative Stress at Birth in the ENVIRONAGE Cohort

• Nelly D. Saenen ^[1] ; Karen Vrijens ^[1] ; Bram G. Janssen ^[1] ; Harry A. Roels ^[2] ; Kristof Y. Neven ^[1] ; Wim Vanden Berghe ^[3] ; Wilfried Gyselaers ^[5] ; Charlotte Vanpoucke ^[6] ; Wouter Lefebvre ^[4] ; Patrick De Boever ^[4] ; Tim S. Nawrot ^[7]
  1. [1] University of Hasselt

     University of Hasselt

     Arrondissement Hasselt, Bélgica

     
  2. [2] Université Catholique de Louvain

     Université Catholique de Louvain

     Arrondissement de Nivelles, Bélgica

     
  3. [3] University of Antwerp

     University of Antwerp

     Arrondissement Antwerpen, Bélgica

     
  4. [4] Flemish Institute for Technological Research

     Flemish Institute for Technological Research

     Arrondissement Turnhout, Bélgica

     
  5. [5] 4 Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; 5 Department of Obstetrics, East-Limburg Hospital, Genk, Belgium
  6. [6] 6 Belgian Interregional Environment Agency, Brussels, Belgium
  7. [7] 1 Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; 8 Centre for Environment and Health, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium

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• Localización: Environmental health perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765, Vol. 125, Nº. 2, 2017, págs. 262-268
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1289/EHP38
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• Resumen

  • Particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) affects human fetal development during pregnancy. Oxidative stress is a putative mechanism by which PM2.5 may exert its effects. Leptin (LEP) is an energy-regulating hormone involved in fetal growth and development.

    We investigated in placental tissue whether DNA methylation of the LEP promoter is associated with PM2.5 and whether the oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NTp) is involved.

    LEP DNA methylation status of 361 placentas from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort was assessed using bisulfite-PCR-pyrosequencing. Placental 3-NTp (n = 313) was determined with an ELISA assay. Daily PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated for each mother’s residence, accounting for residential mobility during pregnancy, using a spatiotemporal interpolation model.

    After adjustment for a priori chosen covariates, placental LEP methylation was 1.4% lower (95% CI: –2.7, –0.19%) in association with an interquartile range increment (7.5 μg/m3) in second-trimester PM2.5 exposure and 0.43% lower (95% CI: –0.85, –0.02%) in association with a doubling of placental 3-NTp content.

    LEP methylation status in the placenta was negatively associated with PM2.5 exposure during the second trimester, and with placental 3-NTp, a marker of oxidative/nitrosative stress. Additional research is needed to confirm our findings and to assess whether oxidative/nitrosative stress might contribute to associations between PM2.5 and placental epigenetic events. Potential consequences for health during the neonatal period and later in life warrant further exploration.

    Saenen ND, Vrijens K, Janssen BG, Roels HA, Neven KY, Vanden Berghe W, Gyselaers W, Vanpoucke C, Lefebvre W, De Boever P, Nawrot TS. 2017. Lower placental leptin promoter methylation in association with fine particulate matter air pollution during pregnancy and placental nitrosative stress at birth in the ENVIRONAGE cohort. Environ Health Perspect 125:262–268; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP38

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