Definición de un procedimiento de análisis de modelos de relaciones cívico-militares

• Salvador Sánchez Tapia ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Navarra

     Universidad de Navarra

     Pamplona, España

     
• Localización: Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos, ISSN-e 2255-3479, Nº. 9, 2017, págs. 37-72
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Defining a model for analysis of civil-military relations patterns
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    De acuerdo con el modelo que Huntington expuso en The Soldier and the State, unas relaciones cívico-militares (CMR) saludables serían aquellas que han encontrado un equilibrio entre dos imperativos — funcional y social— que maximiza la eficacia de las Fuerzas Armadas sin dañar la naturaleza democrática del Estado.

    El mantenimiento de la estabilidad de un régimen de CMR requiere un seguimiento constante que identifique vulnerabilidades que pudieran alterar su equilibrio. Este artículo propone un procedimiento de análisis que permite evaluar modelos de CMR de forma comprehensiva en apoyo de ese seguimiento. El texto propone el estudio de cuatro áreas —autonomía profesional, participación militar en el proceso de definición de la política de seguridad y defensa, relaciones de las Fuerzas Armadas con la sociedad, y neutralidad política de las Fuerzas Armadas—; define, para cada una de ellas, un punto de equilibrio óptimo entre imperativos, y dibuja, a la conclusión, un modelo «ideal» de CMR.

    Para mostrar su validez, el modelo es aplicado al caso del Reino Unido y de Grecia. Finalmente, el artículo ofrece algunas conclusiones generales e identifica cuestiones abiertas a ulterior investigación.

  • Bahasa Indonesia

    Following Huntington’s construct in The Soldier and the State, healthy civil-military relations (CMR) strike a balance between two imperatives -functional and societal- which maximizes military effectiveness without harming the democratic nature of the state. Maintaining the stability of a CMR pattern demands constant monitoring, so as to be able to identify flaws that might break the balance.

    The paper proposes a model for analysis of CMR patterns that covers four areas: Professional Autonomy, Military Participation in Policy-making, Relation of the Military with its Civil Society, and Military Nonpartisanship. It then tries to define the optimum point of balance in each area to outline how an “ideal” CMR profile should look like. The paper, then, applies the model to two cases that are compared against the proposed one. At the end, the paper draws some general conclusions and identifies issues left open for further research.

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