Reducción de la pobreza en Brasil y México: Crecimiento, desigualdad y políticas públicas

• Miguel Carrera Troyano ^[1] ; Rafael Dominguez Martín ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad de Salamanca

     Universidad de Salamanca

     Salamanca, España

     
  2. [2] Universidad de Cantabria

     Universidad de Cantabria

     Santander, España

     
• Localización: Revista de economía mundial, ISSN 1576-0162, Nº 45, 2017, págs. 23-42
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.33776/rem.v0i45.3803
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Poverty Reductioin in Brazil And Mexico: Growth, Inequality and Public Policies
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Este trabajo compara los resultados en reducción de la pobreza obtenidos por Brasil y México entre 1990 y 2013 y pone de manifiesto la gran diferencia existente entre las importantes caídas en Brasil y los muy limitados resultados en México. El trabajo explica las diferencias de estos resultados prestando atención a la interacción entre crecimiento y equidad y a las políticas públicas desarrolladas por los dos países. De este modo, la mayor apertura de México le hizo más sensible a choques externos (el financiero de 1995 y el de la crisis de Estados Unidos en 2008), además, la emergencia de China como gran potencia global tuvo un impacto negativo sobre México y beneficioso sobre Brasil. Por otro lado, también son diferentes las políticas de mercado de trabajo (reflejadas en la evolución del salario mínimo) y en el Estado de Bienestar, mucho menos desarrollado y generoso en México que en Brasil.

  • English

    This paper compares poverty reduction performance of Brazil and Mexico between 1990 and 2013, showing the great differences brought about by the substantial falls in Brazil and very limited results in Mexico. This paper explains these contrasting outcomes focusing on the interaction between growth and inequality reduction, and on the different public policies developed by each country. Mexico’s greater openness exposed the country to external shocks (a financial shock in 1995 and another in 2008, caused by the USA crisis in 2008) and, at the same time, the rise of China as a global power had a negative impact on Mexico and a positive one on Brazil. On the other hand, labour market policies were also different (i.e. in minimum wage development) and the welfare state was less developed and less generous in Mexico than in Brazil.

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