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Resumen: El objetivo fue estimar la seroprevalencia de neosporosis, diarrea viral bovina, rinotraqueítis infecciosa bovina, brucelosis y leptospirosis; así como, determinar su asociación con el antecedente de aborto e identificar los factores de riesgo. Mediante un estudio de casos y controles de 29 unidades de producción, se seleccionaron 57 vacas con antecedente de aborto y 121 controles. Se analizaron por serología y fetos abortados por PCR para N. caninum. Excepto para brucelosis, se detectaron vacas seropositivas correspondiendo la mayor seroprevalencia a N. caninum (51.7 %) y la menor (11.8 %) para Leptospirosis. 11.8 % de las vacas fueron seropositivas a N. caninum y diarrea viral bovina de manera simultánea, presentando el 100% de ellas registros de al menos un aborto. Se comprobó la presencia de ADN de N. caninum en un feto, concluyéndose que N. caninum es causa determinante en la presentación de aborto en el sistema de producción de leche en pequeña escala.
Abstract The objective of this article was to estimate the seroprevalence of neosporosis, bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, brucellosis, and leptospirosis, as well as to determine their association with the history of miscarriage and to identify the risk factors. By means of a case-control study of 29 production units, 57 cows with a history of miscarriage were selected alongside another 121 cows as controls. These cows were analyzed by serology and the aborted fetuses were analyzed by PCR for N. caninum. Except for brucellosis, cows were detected seropositive with the most seroprevalence corresponding to N. caninum (51.7 %) and the least seroprevalence corresponding to leptospirosis (11.8 %). 11.8 % of the cows were simultaneously seropositive for N. caninum and bovine viral diarrhea, with 100% of them showing records of at least one miscarriage. The DNA presence of N. caninum in one fetus was proven, concluding that N. caninum is a determinant cause in the occurrence of miscarriage in the milk production system on a small scale.
