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This article sets out to identify, differentiate, and categorize festival stakeholders by means of a multidimensional approach. Festivals are coproduced by a collection, of stakeholders, and festival organizers facilitate the festival outcomes by interpreting stakeholders ' contributions, aims, and concerns. Based on an extensive literature review, a theoretical framework was developed that illustrates how previous studies have typically identified and differentiated festival stakeholders by listing them or by means of a one-dimensional approach. For this study, an online survey was developed and administered to festival organizers in the US, testing the possibility of identifying, differentiating, and grouping festival stakeholders from a multidimensional approach. Based on the study results, festival stakeholders have been idenfied, differentiated, and categorized into internal and external stakeholders, eight universal groups, and a further 45 unique subgroups. Some stakeholders are universal in terms of most festivals, while other stakeholders will be unique - this depends on the festival intself. This study challenges the traditional hierarchical view that often marginalizes or at times ignores some stakeholders. It advocates for a wider and more consultative perspective where the sustainability of the festival is ensured as it complements the interest and contribution of the wider and often marginalized stakeholders groups.
