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Energy access has a significant contribution to the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the human development. The access to clean and safe energy can improve the human health and quality of ecosystems by reducing the extent of pollution caused by use of inefficient cooking equipments and processes, and by slowing environmental degradation. In this paper Monte Carlo simulation was applied to evaluate the amount of crop residues available which provided the basis for the quantity of energy that can be generated from the crop residues and animal wastes in Tanzania. The amount of crop residues and animal wastes was estimated from the agricultural statistical data obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) from 1961 – 2012. The analysis revealed the bioenergy potential of crop residues in Tanzania to be 5,714 TJ in 2012, which is extremely larger than the installed electric energy generation capacity of 1564 MW in 2013. Besides, the estimation of renewable energy potential of live animals indicated the ability to generate 1,397 TJ/year if exploited. Thus, effective utilization of crop residues and animal wastes without compromising the amount required for the soil fertility and animal feeds can contribute greatly to the access of safe and clean anergy for sustainable development of the rural and urban areas of Tanzania.
