In response to the Iraq sanctions, there was a clear movement to provide humanitarian assessment and monitoring before and during sanctions, in order to avoid another humanitarian catastrophe. At the same time, a great deal of effort, on the part of many different actors, went into the development and advocacy of targeted sanctions. With the robust development of targeted sanctions, there was a widely held view that there was no longer any need for humanitarian concerns. In fact, that was quite mistaken. Nevertheless, the development of, and advocacy for, humanitarian monitoring was compromised.