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The article discusses the impact of China's low fertility rate and aging population on its future economic productivity. Topics include the size of the working-age population, its employment rate and productivity; public welfare programs for the elderly, including pension and health-care, and increasing life expectancy; and a discussion of the repercussions of the one-child policy and the end of the so-called demographic dividend. The impact of a shrinking working population on average wage levels and China's competitiveness is discussed.
