The Library of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) – Italian National Institute of Health holds a special collection of over 1000 valuable rare books, dated between the XVIth and the XIXth centuries, constituing an important historical part of its bibliographic heritage. A special mention deserve the 17 amazing anatomical drawings by the sculptor Antonio Canova (1757-1822) and the Italian Mineral Waters Collection. Thanks to a project carried out between 2008 and 2010 – funded by the ISS and partly by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) – the ISS Library has had a chance to promote and enhance the knowledge of this remarkable heritage.