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This article is concerned primarily to re-discover the contours of a doctrine -- Winock's �nationalisme ouvert� -- that (however unsuccessfully and for however short a time) intended to combine liberalism and nationalism. To that end it will concentrate upon the period that surrounded the birth of the July Monarchy in 1830 and specifically upon the writings of Armand Carrel, founder (with Thiers and Mignet) of Le National and supporter of the nationalist causes in Belgium, Poland and Italy. Other writers --ost notably Lamennais, founder of L'Avenir, and Jules Michelet -- could have been taken as representatives of this body of opinion but Carrel, not merely upon the legitimate grounds of rescuing him from undeserved obscurity, especially merits our attention.
