1. Introduction 2. Music listening under cultural, technical, situational, and individual influences 3. Relevance and changes in music consumption 4. Motives for music listening 5. Modes of music listening 6. Tastes and preferences in music listening 7. Effectiveness or non-effectiveness of music 8. Effects of music on mood changes 9. Effects of music in radio 10. Effects of music in audio-visual media A.Responses to music videos B.Responses to music in film C.Responses to music in audio-visual advertising 11. Conclusion