Acceso usuarios
Roberto Mora Sarasti
La Ley de Justicia y Paz, recientemente aprobada por el Congreso de la República, ha sido objeto de un gran debate nacional e internacional. Sus mayores detractores han sido organizaciones no gubernamentales de derechos humanos que argumentan que este instrumento no satisface los parámetros internacionales de verdad, justicia y reparación.
violaciones a los derechos humanos.
Pero este esfuerzo no puede desconocer que una solución exclusivamente militar, que conduzca a la aplicación de parámetros de justicia propios de una situación de normalidad es no sólo difícilmente alcanzable, sino excesivamente costosa en términos humanos y materiales. Por ello el gobierno ha ofrecido una salida negociada a todos aquellos grupos que demuestren su voluntad de paz y declaren un cese de hostilidades con verificación internacional. Esta política de paz y reconciliación requiere un marco jurídico que pondere los intereses de la paz con los de la justicia, y ofrezca incentivos a miembros de grupos armados al margen de la ley que decidan dejar las armas y desmovilizarse.
Este marco jurídico, que facilita los procesos de paz y la reincorporación individual y colectiva es la Ley de Justicia y Paz, de cuyo estudio puede deducirse un fuerte compromiso con los derechos de las víctimas. No sólo porque se han consagrado de manera expresa, sino porque se han creado unas instituciones y se han fortalecido otras para garantizar su implementación.
The "Justice and Peace Law", recently passed by the Colombian Congress has been subject to keen debate. Human Rights NGO has criticized it because it does no comply with human rights standards regarding, truth, justice and reparation.
However, beyond the legalistic analysis, it is important to bear in mind the particular circumstances of a democracy threaten by powerful irregular armed groups and of a historically weak State that is, however, presently doing its best to regain the monopoly of force and reestablish the rule of law over the territory by the implementation of a democratic security policy that has, in only three years, shown positive results in terms of an important reduction of human rights violations.
Nevertheless, this effort cannot ignore the fact that a military solution that allows for the implementation of strict standards of justice is not only unfeasible but also very costly both in human and material resources. Therefore, the Government has offered a negotiated settlement to all illegal groups that demonstrate their commitment to peace and declare a cease of hostilities with international verification. This peace and reconciliation policy needs a legal framework that reaches an appropriate balance between peace and justice and offers incentives to members of irregular armed groups who decide to surrender weapons and demobilize.
This legal framework, that facilitates peace processes as well as individual and collective demobilization, is precisely the "Justice and Peace law", which shows an important commitment to victim¿s rights, not only because it has incorporated those rights expressly, but also because it has, for those rights to be implemented, created new institutions and strengthened other already in place.
