Acceso usuarios
Mario Monge Pérez, Frank Hartwich
Desde los años 70, los estudios sobre adopción de innovaciones agrícolas han estado dominados por una perspectiva según la cual la decisión de adoptar es un asunto individual, centrado en la utilidad percibida por el productor. En años recientes ha crecido el interés por comprender el papel de la interacción social en estos procesos. Poco a poco, conceptos como capital o aprendizaje social han ganado terreno entre los analistas. Sin embargo, casi ningún estudio ha utilizado el Análisis de Redes Sociales.
Con base en un conjunto de datos sobre las interacciones existentes entre productores y otros actores relevantes para la innovación en 12 micro regiones de Bolivia, se analizaron los efectos de dichas interacciones sobre la intensidad de la adopción de innovaciones, apoyándose en las herramientas provistas por los paquetes de software UCINET y NetDraw.
A nivel de micro regiones, se halló un efecto positivo y significativo de la densidad de las redes y del prestigio del promotor de las innovaciones. A nivel individual, se dio una adopción más intensa entre quienes mostraron mayor frecuencia de contacto con la agencia promotora de las innovaciones y con otros productores, mayor centralidad de grado en la red, y mayor grado de vínculos simmelianos o cohesivos (embedded ties). Además, se obtuvo evidencia significativa del efecto de la equivalencia estructural sobre los niveles de adopción. El estudio muestra además el efecto positivo de incluir variables estructurales en un modelo econométrico tradicional de adopción.
Since the 1970�s, studies on adoption of agricultural innovations have been dominated by a perspective according to which adoption is an individual decision, focused on the utilities to be perceived by the farmer. In recent years there is a growing interest for understanding the role of social interaction in these processes.
Social capital and social learning are concepts that have gradually received attention among scholars. But very few agricultural innovation studies have taken advantage of Social Network Analysis.
Based on a data set on interactions among farmers and other relevant actors for innovation processes in 12 micro regions of Bolivia, we analyzed the effects of those interactions on the intensity of adoption of diverse innovations, considering the tools provided by UCINET and NetDraw software packages. At a micro-regional level, a positive and significant effect of network density and innovation promoter�s prestige on adoption was evidenced. At the level of individual farmers, adoption was more intense among those with greater frequency of contact with the promoter and with other farmers, those with a larger degree centrality, and with a larger degree of embedded or cohesive ties. Besides, significant evidence of the effects of structural equivalence on adoption levels is also presented. The positive effects of including structural variables derived from SNA into traditional econometric models are also shown.At a micro-regional level, a positive and significant effect of network density and innovation promoter�s prestige on adoption was evidenced. At the level of individual farmers, adoption was more intense among those with greater frequency of contact with the promoter and with other farmers, those with a larger degree centrality, and with a larger degree of embedded or cohesive ties. Besides, significant evidence of the effects of structural equivalence on adoption levels is also presented. The positive effects of including structural variables derived from SNA into traditional econometric models are also shown.
