Ping Xu
The Mandala is the Buddhist cosmic model, showing the universe as centered around the BuddhaÕs dwelling place. Emphasizing the integrative relationship between architecture and landscape, and based on field investigations of Tibetan temples throughout China, this paper discusses how the Mandala Model was utilized to structure Tibetan architecture and landscape at various scales. Unifying spatial organizations, the Mandala Model serves to interweave Tibetan Buddhist landscapes with architecture, nature, religious meanings and manÕs movements. It is this integrative system that is the key concept to understand why and how Tibet has sustained itself as one of the most fascinating destinations in the world.