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India
A large and remote multilingual area in Eastern India has several named and unnamed hybrid linguistic varieties. This paper claims that these hybrids are contact-induced forms created through the recombination of features; these hybrids with varying features have diffused and have acquired different names. Within the accretion zone, various hybrids demonstrate mosaic-like patterns in verbal agreements rather than a continuum. These hybrids have been created through a continuous, dynamic process. The process of hybridisation can be considered as Koineisation, as the hybrids were created through long-term contact. The hybrid forms can also be viewed as fused lects, as they are grammaticalised forms created through multilinguality. Another potential cause of their hybridity is the process of Levelling, in which marked forms are avoided. This paper argues that population dynamics and stereotypes related to indigenous languages have resulted in the creation of hybrids as negotiated forms. The creation of hybrids can thus be viewed as a result of accommodative behaviours arising from negative attitudes. The hybrids provide a platform for the common linguistic identity of several groups.
