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The introduction of market investigation tools that allow competition authorities to remedy structural dysfunctions without establishing an individual infringement has become one of the defining developments in recent competition law. Germany introduced such an instrument in 2023 and deployed it for the first time in the fuel wholesale sector in 2025, with further legislative activity in 2026. In late 2025, Hungary introduced a new competition tool drawing explicitly on the German model. This article compares the two instruments, highlights their common conceptual foundations and identifies key structural differences, in particular Hungary’s restriction of the tool to the construction and mining sectors
