Método de análisis histórico mediante el uso de herramientas empresariales: aplicación en el estudio de Guerra de la Independencia Española

• González Luca-de-Tena , Carlos ^[2] ; De-Pablos-Heredero, Carmen ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

     Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

     Madrid, España

     
  2. [2] ESIC Universidad, Madrid, España
• Localización: INNOVA Research Journal, ISSN-e 2477-9024, Vol. 11, Nº. 1, 2026 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Enero - Abril, 2026), págs. 87-122
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.33890/innova.v11.n1.2026.2909
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Historical analysis method using business tools: application in the study of the Spanish War of Independence
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo propone una metodología innovadora para el análisis histórico mediante herramientas de dirección estratégica empresarial, aplicada al caso de la Guerra de la Independencia Española (1808-1814). Se desarrolló un procedimiento secuencial de 11 herramientas estratégicas (DAFO, PESTEL, Perfiles Estratégicos, Mendelow, Ansoff, Canvas, Eisenhower, etc.) adaptadas al contexto histórico, combinando fuentes primarias (Archivo General de Simancas, Archivo Histórico Nacional) con análisis estratégico riguroso para diagnosticar y pronosticar la situación de España. El método identificó fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas en los ámbitos civil y militar, evaluando la coherencia de las estrategias del gobierno y ejército frente a las opciones óptimas y generando nuevas perspectivas interpretativas. La subjetividad en la valoración de variables históricas se mitiga mediante el método Delphi aplicado por expertos. Se propone un procedimiento estructurado y transferible que supera aproximaciones intuitivas, permitiendo evaluar decisiones pasadas y ofrecer un marco para análisis contrafactual

  • English

    This article proposes an innovative methodology for historical analysis using corporate strategic management tools, applied to the case of the Spanish War of Independence (1808–1814). A sequential procedure comprising 11 strategic tools (SWOT, PESTEL, Strategic Profiles, Mendelow’s Matrix, Ansoff Matrix, Business Model Canvas, Eisenhower Matrix, among others) was developed and adapted to the historical context. The approach combines primary sources (General Archive of Simancas and National Historical Archive) with rigorous strategic analysis to diagnose and forecast Spain’s situation during the conflict. The method identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in both civil and military domains, assessing the coherence of governmental and military strategies in relation to optimal alternatives and generating new interpretative perspectives. Subjectivity in the assessment of historical variables is mitigated through the Delphi method applied by experts. A structured and transferable procedure is proposed that moves beyond intuitive approaches, enabling the evaluation of past decisions and providing a framework for counterfactual analysis.

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