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Este estudio examina la asociación entre la Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas, y la utilización de la atención postnatal (APN) entre mujeres de 15 a 49 años en la India. Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar5 (NFHS-5, 2019–21) y modelos de regresión logística binaria para evaluar la asociación entre la recepción de beneficios financieros de la JSY y la utilización de la APN antes y después del alta. Los resultados muestran que las beneficiarias de la JSY tenían una probabilidad de recibir APN antes del alta (AOR = 1,23, p < 0,001) y después del alta (AOR = 1,15, p < 0,001) que las no beneficiarias. Sin embargo, la utilización de la APN disminuyó tras el alta, lo que sugiere que los incentivos financieros por sí solos pueden ser insuficientes para garantizar la continuidad de la atención materna. Además, factores como la educación, la riqueza del hogar, la presencia del esposo y la interacción con las trabajadoras ASHA se asociaron con una mayor utilización de la APN. Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de fortalecer mecanismos de seguimiento para mejorar el acceso equitativo a la atención postnatal
This study examines the association between Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a conditional cash transfer program, and postnatal care (PNC) utilization among women aged 15-49 years in India. The study used nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) and employed binary logistic regression models to assess the association between receipt of JSY financial benefits and PNC utilization before and after discharge from health facilities. The results indicate that women who received JSY benefits were significantly more likely to use PNC before discharge (AOR = 1.23, p < 0.001) and after discharge (AOR = 1.15, p < 0.001) compared to non-beneficiaries. Despite this positive association, PNC utilization declined substantially after discharge which indicates that financial incentives alone may not be sufficient to ensure continuity of maternal healthcare. Several socioeconomic factors, such as women’s education, household wealth, husband presence during antenatal care, and interaction with ASHAs, were also associated with PNC utilization. Regional disparities were evident, with women in Northeast India reporting lower PNC utilization. Overall, the findings highlight the need for more integrated approaches that combine financial incentives with strengthened community-based follow-up mechanisms, greater ASHA engagement, and targeted interventions to improve equitable access to postnatal care in India.
