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This study examines Australia’s linguistic landscape from the perspective of government authorities through a nationwide survey (2023–2024) of public signage policies at federal, state/territory, and local levels. Based on 406 responses and policy document analysis, the study identifies significant gaps and inconsistencies in the regulation of language use on signage. English is assumed as the default but rarely formalised, while references to languages other than English (LOTE) appear mainly in place-naming policies or reconciliation plans and lack enforceability. The absence of a coordinated national approach undermines both communicative access for LOTE speakers and Australia’s commitments to multiculturalism. However, many agencies indicated interest in using the findings to enhance signage practices, reflecting growing awareness of linguistic inclusion. The study highlights the need for ongoing research and policy engagement to ensure signage reflects Australia’s multilingual reality. It recommends establishing a national database of signage policies and best practices to stengthen cross-jurisdictional coordination, address the limitations of voluntary data collection, and promote more equitable, inclusive public communication.
