El stalking en la Política Criminal europea: una perspectiva comparada desde el Convenio de Estambul y la Directiva 2024/1385

Carolina Villacampa Estiarte

El stalking en la Política Criminal europea: una perspectiva comparada desde el Convenio de Estambul y la Directiva 2024/1385

Villacampa Estiarte, Carolina ^[1]
1. [1] Universitat de Lleida
  
  Universitat de Lleida
  
  Lérida, España
Localización: Estudios de Deusto: revista de Derecho Público, ISSN 0423-4847, Vol. 74, Nº. 1, 2026, págs. 459-486
Idioma: español
DOI: 10.18543/ed.3587
Títulos paralelos:
- Stalking in European Criminal Policy: A Comparative Perspective from the Istanbul Convention and Directive 2024/1385
Enlaces
- Texto completo (pdf)
- Texto completo
Resumen
- español
  El stalking se configura como una forma de violencia de control sobre las mujeres, con graves consecuencias para la seguridad y la salud de las víctimas. Su afrontamiento efectivo pasa por que los Estados cumplan efectivamente las obligaciones internacionales asumidas en el Convenio de Estambul y en la Directiva (UE) 2024/1385, tanto en la tipificación del stalking y el cyberstalking como en la implementación de la política 4P. Este trabajo analiza dichos requerimientos internacionales, su grado de transposición a las legislaciones penales europeas y las principales convergencias y divergencias en la configuración típica, los resultados exigidos, las agravantes, las sanciones y las medidas de protección victimal, incluidas las de carácter tecnológico. Finalmente, identifica los retos pendientes en materia de armonización normativa, adaptación a la dimensión digital, refuerzo de los servicios especializados y mejora de la cooperación transnacional para garantizar una protección efectiva y homogénea de las víctimas en Europa.
  
  Recibido: 4 enero 2026Aceptado: 25 marzo 2026
- English
  Stalking is framed as a form of controlling violence against women, with serious consequences for victims’ safety and health. Effective action requires States to comply fully with their international obligations under the Istanbul Convention and Directive (EU) 2024/1385, both in the criminalisation of stalking and cyberstalking and in the implementation of the 4P policy approach. This article examines these international requirements, the extent to which they have been transposed into European criminal laws, and the main convergences and divergences in the configuration of offences, required outcomes, aggravating circumstances, sanctions and victim protective measures, including those of a technological nature. Finally, it identifies the outstanding challenges relating to legal harmonisation, adaptation to the digital dimension, strengthening of specialist services and improvement of transnational cooperation to ensure effective and consistent protection for victims across Europe. Received: 4 January 2026Accepted: 25 March 2026
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