An econometric analysis of the impact of economic growth, information and communication technology goods exports and unemployment on NEET rates: the case of Nordic countries

• Suluk, Seher ^[1]
  1. [1] Adıyaman University

     Adıyaman University

     Turquía

     
• Localización: European Journal of Government and Economics, ISSN-e 2254-7088, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2026, págs. 125-141
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.17979/ejge.2026.15.1.12579
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • This study aims to empirically analyze the impact of economic growth, information and communication technology (ICT) goods exports and unemployment on NEET rates for the Nordic countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland). The study covers the period 2005-2022 and the data are annual. In the analysis, the LLC unit root test was applied. Then, panel VAR based on GMM and panel Granger causality analysis were employed. Accordingly, an increase in economic growth was found to reduce the NEET rate. On the other hand, an increase in the unemployment rate and ICT goods exports leads to an increase in the NEET rate. According to the results obtained from the panel Granger causality analysis, bidirectional Granger causality relationship was determined between the NEET rate and economic growth, the NEET rate and unemployment, economic growth and unemployment, economic growth and ICT goods exports and unemployment and ICT goods exports. In addition, a unidirectional Granger causality relationship from the NEET rate to ICT goods exports was found.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abrigo, M. R. M., & Love, I. (2016). Estimation of panel vector autoregression in Stata. The Stata Journal, 16(3), 778–804. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1601600314
  • Akyüz, H. E. (2023). Yapısal kırılmalı durağanlık testi ve Granger nedensellik analizi: Türkiye’de kadın intihar oranının ekonomik değişkenler...
  • Bäckman, O., & Nilsson, A. (2016). Long-term consequences of being not in employment, education or training as a young adult: Stability...
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Baskak, T. E. (2023). OECD ülkelerinde işsizlik ve intihar girişimleri ilişkisi: Panel VAR analizi ve panel Granger nedensellik analizi. İşletme...
  • Bellos, S. K. (2019). Military expenditure, economic growth and development in transition economies: A panel VAR GMM approach. Applied Economics...
  • Bettencourt, L., Correia, N., Mazzocchi, P., & Rocca, A. (2025). NYNA NEETs and digitalisation: How many challenges on the horizon? Social...
  • Bingöl, U. (2020). The macroeconomic determinants of NEET: A panel data analysis for Fragile Five countries and Russia. Yönetim ve Ekonomi...
  • Bruno, G. S. F., Marelli, E., & Signorelli, M. (2013, October 24–26). The rise of NEET and youth unemployment in EU regions after the...
  • Çolak, K. (2025). The impact of SDG scores on NEET rates in selected OECD countries: A two-step GMM approach. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları...
  • Dias, T. S., & Vasconcelos, A. M. N. (2020). Heterogeneity among young people neither in employment nor in education in Brazil. The ANNALS...
  • Eurofound. (2012). NEETs—Young people not in employment, education or training: Characteristics, costs and policy responses in Europe. Publications...
  • Eurofound. (2016). Exploring the diversity of NEETs. Publications Office of the European Union.
  • European Training Foundation. (2015). Young people not in employment, education or training (NEET): An overview in ETF partner countries.
  • Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424–438. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912791
  • Günaydın, D., & Çetin, M. (2015). Genç işsizliğin temel makroekonomik belirleyicileri: Ampirik bir analiz. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal...
  • Jakobsen, V. (2023). Non-Western immigrants, the transition from school to education and to work and NEET status. Nordic Journal of Migration...
  • Kabakçı Günay, E. (2025). Macroeconomic indicators affect the NEET: A panel data analysis for BRICST countries. BMIJ, 13(1), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v13i1.2516
  • Köse, A., & Özdemir, E. (2016). Para piyasalarındaki büyümenin BİST üzerindeki etkisinin VAR yöntemi ile analizi. Finansal Araştırmalar...
  • Maynou, L., Ordonez, J., & Silva, J. I. (2022). Convergence and determinants of young people not in employment, education or training:...
  • OECD. (2016). Skills for a digital world: Policy brief on the future of work. OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. (2025). Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET). https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/youth-not-in-employment-education-or-training-neet.html
  • Özen Atabey, A. (2021). Ne eğitimde ne de istihdamda yer alan genç nüfus (NEET) ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Türkiye...
  • Pacelli, L., Trentini, F., & Filandri, M. (2023). An analysis of NEET youths in EU in a longitudinal perspective. Sinappsi, 13(1), 68–87....
  • Ruesga-Benito, S. M., González-Laxe, F., & Picatoste, X. (2018). Sustainable development, poverty, and risk of exclusion for young people...
  • Şahin, L., Ersöz, H. Y., Demir, İ., Kocakaya, M. E., Akgül, O., & Bükey, A. M. (2023). The relationship between cause and effect dimensions...
  • Wickremeratne, N., & Dunusinghe, P. (2018). Youth not in education, employment and training (NEET) in Sri Lanka. Advances in Economics...
  • World Bank. (2025). World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org
  • Yang, R., An, X., Chen, Y., & Yang, X. (2023). The knowledge analysis of panel vector autoregression: A systematic review. SAGE Open,...