Resiliencia y vulnerabilidad en la red de colaboración científica Cuba-EE.UU.: un análisis de redes complejas

• Ronda-Pupo, Guillermo Armando ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Católica del Norte

     Universidad Católica del Norte

     Antofagasta, Chile

     
• Localización: Bibliotecas. Anales de Investigación, ISSN-e 1683-8947, ISSN 0006-176X, Vol. 22, Nº. 1, 2026 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Bibliotecas. Anales de Investigación), págs. 1-16
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Resilience and vulnerability in the Cuba-U.S. scientific collaboration network: a complex network analysis
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: Evaluar la resiliencia de la red de colaboración científica entre Cuba y Estados Unidos, analizando su estructura, conectividad y vulnerabilidad ante restricciones políticas y eliminación de nodos clave. Se identifican los principales actores y su dependencia de hubs estratégicos. Diseño/Metodología/Enfoque: Se aplicó análisis de redes complejas utilizando métricas como umbral de percolación, robustez estructural, coeficiente de clustering, eficiencia global, modularidad y centralidad de hubs y autoridades. Se comparó la resiliencia de la red real con un modelo nulo y se realizaron simulaciones para evaluar la fragmentación ante fallos aleatorios y ataques dirigidos. Resultados/Discusión: La red muestra alta conectividad y eficiencia (grado promedio: 65.22; eficiencia global: 0.738), indicando una colaboración activa. Sin embargo, la baja robustez estructural (0.435) y la dependencia de hubs estratégicos la hacen vulnerable a ataques dirigidos. EE.UU., Brasil y México emergen como los principales facilitadores de la cooperación cubana. Se identificó un umbral de percolación del 47.47%, lo que indica resistencia a fallos aleatorios pero fragilidad ante la eliminación de nodos clave. Conclusiones: La red ha demostrado resiliencia, pero su estabilidad depende de actores clave. La fragmentación abrupta observada en las simulaciones resalta la necesidad de fortalecer la interconexión entre comunidades científicas y diversificar las colaboraciones para reducir la dependencia de nodos altamente conectados. Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio ofrece un análisis novedoso de la resiliencia estructural de la red científica Cuba-EE.UU., aportando perspectivas clave para la diplomacia científica y estrategias para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la colaboración internacional en contextos geopolíticamente adversos.

  • English

    Objective: To assess the resilience of the scientific collaboration network between Cuba and the United States by analyzing its structure, connectivity, and vulnerability to political restrictions and node removals. The study identifies key actors and their dependence on strategic hubs. Design/Methodology/Approach: A complex network analysis was conducted using metrics such as percolation threshold, structural robustness, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, modularity, and hub and authority centrality. The resilience of the real network was compared with a null model, and simulations were performed to evaluate fragmentation under random failures and targeted attacks. Results/Discussion: The network exhibits high connectivity and efficiency (average degree: 65.22; global efficiency: 0.738), indicating an active scientific collaboration. However, its low structural robustness (0.435) and dependence on strategic hubs make it vulnerable to targeted disruptions. The United States, Brazil, and Mexico emerge as the main facilitators of Cuban scientific cooperation. A percolation threshold of 47.47% was identified, suggesting that while the network is moderately resistant to random failures, it is highly susceptible to the removal of key nodes. Conclusions: The network has demonstrated resilience despite political restrictions, but its stability depends on a small group of key actors. The observed abrupt fragmentation in the simulations highlights the need to strengthen interconnections among scientific communities and diversify collaborations to reduce reliance on highly connected nodes. Originality/Value: This study provides a novel analysis of the structural resilience of the Cuba-U.S. scientific collaboration network, offering key insights for science diplomacy and strategies to ensure the sustainability of international cooperation in geopolitically challenging contexts.

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