This research note seeks to reflect on and discuss current developments in Latin America concerning liberal-representative democracy over recent decades and its close relationship with neoliberalism. The aim is to reconsider existing theories and advance scientific or philosophical knowledge on the subject. This inquiry is framed within a basic (theoretical) research project titled “La democracia en América Latina y su deterioro en el contexto del neoliberalismo: descontentos y alternativas”. It draws on the perspectives of various authors situated within the disciplines of political science and sociology, who have addressed the topic, its scope, and potential solutions from the vantage point of critical theory.