Resumen de Sustainability of EMI programs in the countries of the expanding circle: language planning perspectives

Tamilla Mammadova, Anna Becker, Sezen Arslan

• The global rise of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in Expanding Circle countries highlights its role in internationalization, language-in-education planning, and integration into global academic and scientific communities. This volume investigates the sustainability of EMI programs through macro, meso, and micro-level perspectives on Language Policy and Planning (LPP). Key themes include governance reforms, lecturer identities, student motivation, and policy-practice alignment. Case studies from Spain, Azerbaijan, Türkiye, Macao, Serbia, China, and Morocco demonstrate the diverse factors influencing EMI’s growth and challenges, such as inconsistent policy frameworks, inadequate lecturer training, and declining student motivation. The concept of ‘Parallax Language Planning and Policy’ is introduced as a theoretical lens to reconcile ideological variances and develop adaptable LPP approaches. Findings emphasize the need for context-sensitive policies, quality assurance mechanisms, and collaborative efforts across stakeholders to sustain EMI programs and their contribution to global education and communication.